Effects of Er: YAG, 980 nm and 810 nm Diode Lasers Irradiation on Biocompatibility of SLA Titanium Disks Using SaOs2 Cells Morphology

Objectives The use of lasers for the treatment of periimplant hard and soft tissues is now refmore than ever before. Achieving bone integrity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Er:YAG, 980 nm and 810 nm diode lasers irradiation on biocompatibility of SLA titanium disks by SaOs2 cells morphology.Methods In this in-vitro study sixty sterile titanium disks with SLA surface were divided into four equal subgroups. One subgroup was used as a control group and the remaining three groups were irradiated with Er:YAG laser 980nm and 810nm Doide lasers, separately. After laser irradiation, all discs were autoclaved at 121° C and placed in 24 appropriate plates. The SaOs2 cells were, then, added to the plates at a density of 2×104. The cells were incubated in DMEM, CO2, and penicillin-streptomycin medium at 37 ° C for 3 days. Then, the samples were extracted from the culture medium for scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the photograph was taken by SEM at magnifications of 750, 1000, 3000, and 5000. The analyses were performed through Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.Results All three groups, irradiated by laser, and the control group have shown spreading cells with plentiful phylopodia, which means the morphology of a mature bone cell. The numbers were 20.7% (Er:YAG), 52.7% (980nm Diode), 48.8% (810nm Diode) and 38.7% (Control) groups, respectively, which were not statistically significant.Conclusion Er:YAG, 980nm and 810nm diode laser irradiations with the parameters mentioned in this study do not have any negative effects on osteoblast cells attachment and their maturity on titanium implants

Removal of Smear Layer by Two Endodontic Irrigation Solutions and Erbium: Yttrium, Aluminum, Garnet (Er:YAG)Laser. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Study

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of 17% Ethylene,di-amine, tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), 6% phosphoric acid and Erbium: Yttrium, Aluminum, Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser in removing the smear layer by scanning electron microscopy.METHODS: In this study, 80 single-rooted human teeth were selected. Instrumentation was done by use of hand files and step-back technique up to file #40 at apical and file #80 at coronal area. During instrumentation, 1ml of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was used as irrigation between each file. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups with different methods of smear removal.17% Ethylene, di-amine, tetra-acetic acid was used in group 1, 6% Phosphoric acid in group 2, Erbium: Yttrium, Aluminum, Garnet laser in group 3, and no intervention in group 4 (as control). Roots were then longitudinally sectioned and prepared for scanning electron micrograph in cervical, middle and apical areas. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Walis, Mann-Whitney, Friedman and Wilcoxson tests (P<0.05).RESULTS: The results showed a significant difference in smear layer removal between three methods in favor of the EDTA (P<0.001) and Phosphoric groups (P<0.001) with no significant difference between them (P=0.49). Although Er:YAG laser showed some limited ability to remove the smear layer, the effectiveness was not significantly different from the control group (P=0.157).CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, EDTA and Phosphoric acid were effective methods to remove smear layer from the root canal walls but Er:YAG laser showed less efficacy compared to the other experimental groups

NMR Measurements of Power-Law Behavior in the Spin-Wave and Critical Regions of Ferromagnetic EuO

Precision continuous-wave NMR measurements have been carried out over the entire magnetization curve of EuO and are presented in tabular form. Two very closely spaced resonances are observed and are attributed to domain and domain-wall signals. Both of the signals are useful for analysis in the spin-wave region. Only the domain signal is measurable above ~50K. The latter is used for fitting Tc and the critical exponent beta. The critical-region fits agree with previous measurements, within experimental error. The low-temperature data exhibit a clear-cut T^2 behavior, at variance with the expectations of conventional spin-wave theory. This result is discussed in relation to two semi-empirical spin-wave schemes, one formulated by N. Bykovetz, and one by U. Koebler. The NMR signal at 4.2K gives no indication of a quadrupole splitting, in contradiction to the interpretation of several previous spin-echo NMR spectra observed in EuO. This issue remains unresolved.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables. in Proceedings of the 11TH Joint MMM-Intermag Conference, Washington, DC, 201

The Effects of Diode Laser (980 nm Wavelength) and Chlorhexidin Gel in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of SRP assisted by the two clinical treatment methods of diode laser or Chlorhexidine Gel applications in comparison with SRP alone.METHODS: Eight patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis, each with at least three pockets 4–7 mm deep, were selected for this study. Over 66 pockets were selected and randomly treated by either scaling and root planning (SRP) alone, or by SRP + diode laser (1.5 W,980 nm,30sec, continuous wave)(laser group),or by SRP + chlorhexidine gel-xanthan based (gel group). The clinical indices (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL], and papillary bleeding index [PBI] mean score) and microbiological index (total bacterial count [TBC]) before, 1 month and three months after treatment were measured and evaluated.RESULTS: The results showed that SRP assisted by chlorhexidine gel and diode laser therapies exhibits better results than SRP alone in reducing PPD, improving clinical CAL, and reducing PBI mean score and TBC (p < 0.05) both at one month and three months follow ups. Comparison of clinical indices between the laser group and the gel group showed no significant differences at neither of the follow up stages, but in 3 months follow up interval, the TBC reduction in the laser group was significantly more than the gel group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Treatment with diode laser or chlorhexidine gel as an adjunct to SRP may improve periodontal and microbiological indices compared to SRP alone. Diode laser showed better bactericidal effects in long term

PERANAN PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL SEBAGAI MEDIA TRANSFORMASI PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL

Penelitian ini bertujuan sebagai berikut: 1. Untuk Mengeahui Peranan Pendidikan Mulikultural Sebagai Media Tranformasi Pendidikan Nasional di Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Hayatul Islam Baranusa, Kecamatan Pantar Barat, Kabupaten Alor, Propinsi NTT. 2. Untuk Mengetahui Konsep Pendidikan Multikultural Sebagai Media Tranformasi Pendidikan Nasional di Sekolah Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Hayatul Islam Baranusa, Kecamatan Pantar Barat, Kabupaten Alor, Propinsi NTT. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di Madrasyah Aliya Swasta Hayatul Islam Baranusa, Kecamatan Pantar Barat, Kabupaten Alor, Propinsi NTT. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan antara lain: observasi, wawancara kepada 5 orang dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan cara mereduksi atau meringkas data yang diperoleh, kemudian dengan menyajikan data yang mempunyai hubungan dengan judul. Keabsahan data menggunakan trianggulasi dengan cara menguji pemahaman yang diperoleh. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut 1) Peranan Pendidikan Multikultural Sebagai Media Transformasi Pendidikan Nasional Studi kasus di Madrasyah Aliya Swasta Hayatul Islam Baranusa a). Sekolah merupakan lembaga pendidikan menujang pendidikan nasional Untuk mewujudkan multikultural dalam dunia pendidikan, maka pendidikan multikultural juga perlu dimasukkan ke dalam kurikulum nasional, yang pada akhirnya dapat menciptakan tatanan masyarakat Indonesia yang multikultural, serta upaya-upaya lain yang dapat dilakukan guna mewujudkannya. pendidikan multikultural di dunia pendidikan diyakini dapat menjadi solusi nyata bagi konflik dan disharmonisasi yang terjadi di masyarakat Indonesia yang secara realitas plural. b). Terlaksananya pendidikan multikultral sebagai pendidikan nasional apabila guru mampu mentrasferkan tentang bagaimana pendidikan kultural yang ada di Indonesia. 2). Konsep pendidikan Multikultural sebagai median transformasi pendidikan nasionala. Untuk mengetahui pengertian pendidikan multikultural dan peranannya

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy With Low-level Diode Laser in Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-implantitis

Introduction: Side effects related to antibiotic therapy for peri-implantitis are rare in laser therapy (LT); therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LT and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on patients with primary peri-implantitis.Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 40 implants presenting primary peri-implantitis in 20 patients with a mean age of 52.6 years old were included using the simple sampling technique. Periodontal treatment comprising scaling and root planing (SRP) was accomplished for the whole mouth while mechanical debridement with titanium curettes and air polishing with sodium bicarbonate powder was accomplished around the implants. The implants were randomly divided into two groups and treated with LT (control) and PDT (test). The clinical indices were measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 3 months after treatment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for analysis of microbial samples at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20, using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Friedman’s and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05).Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in terms of bleeding on probing (P < 0.001), probing pocket depth (PPD) (P = 0.006) and modified plaque index (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (P = 0.022), Tannerella forsythia (P = 0.038) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P = 0.05) in the test group and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P = 0.015) in the control group significantly decreased.Conclusion: The results suggested that LT and PDT have significant short-term benefits in the treatment of primary peri-implantitis

The hydraulic behaviour of sand and silt soils around the residual-state condition

Geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering problems may require the computation of near-ground-surface water balances. Evaluation of the unsaturated coefficient of permeability function is often necessary in order to undertake numerical simulations associated with the water balance evaluations. Evaporation at ground surface has the potential to reduce the water content of the soil to values less than the residual water content. However, it appears that the accuracy of commonly used methods for the determination of the permeability function around residual-state conditions is unknown. There may be lack of accuracy due to an oversimplification of the physics of water movement around the residual-state condition. Evaluation of the coefficient of permeability function around the residual-state condition requires reliable experimental data in the low water-content range. In this study, the concept of residual-state condition is reviewed, and a definition of the conditions suitable for geotechnical engineering practice is suggested. A transition zone for the soil-water content/soil-suction profile is defined for steady-state flow systems. A possible link between the limits of the transition zone and the residual-state condition is proposed. A method is developed for predicting the unsaturated coefficient of permeability, based on a new definition of the residual-state condition. The method is based on the theory of vapour-phase flow and on the soil-water characteristic curve. A series of evaporation tests were conducted in an environmentally controlled room on two different types of soil samples: sand and clayey silt. The unsaturated coefficient of permeability functions for the selected soils were established. The steady-state evaporation method used in this study proved to measure the unsaturated coefficient of permeability function in the low-water content range. The results obtained from the predictive method proposed in this thesis are compared to the experimental data and to the data predicted by the previously proposed methods. Predictions computed when using the new method appear to be more accurate than those from previously proposed methods. It was not possible to draw firm conclusions from the tests performed regarding the relationship between the residual-state condition and the upper and lower limits of the transition zone of the water-content/soil-suction profile

Graphite Application and Different Powers of Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG) Laser on Dentin Surface Changes: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

INTRODUCTION: Various methods have been used for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity such as dentifrices, sealants and different types of lasers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Neodimium:Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in association with graphite on the dentin morphologic changes.METHODS: In this experimental in vitro study, 16 freshly extracted third molars were selected. 5 specimens with the dimensions of 2×2×1 mm from root trunk were prepared. Specimens were randomly divided into five groups: group 1 (control, no laser irradiation). Group 2, 3 irradiated by Nd:YAG laser 0.5 and 1W, output power respectively. Group 4, 5 smeared with graphite and then irradiated by Nd: YAG laser 0.5 and 1W output power. Samples were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Number and diameter of dentinal tubules were determined in different groups and analyzed with the Kruskal-wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (SPSS 16).RESULTS: The number of tubules had significant difference between all groups (P<0.001), except group 1 in comparison with group 2 (P> 0.05), and group 3 in comparison with group 4 (P> 0.05). Micro-cracks and rupture of melted dentin materials were seen in group 4 and 5.CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study, smearing with graphite on dentin surface increase the absorption of Nd:YAG laser energy and reduced the diameter and number of open dentinal tubules

Distal Femoral Epiphyses Ossification Center Diameter and Third Trimester Gestational Age in Iranian Population

Objective: The epiphyses ossification centers appear late in gestation, when traditional biometric measurements are the least accurate, and they can be useful in determining third trimester’s gestational age. To evaluate fetal distal femoral epiphysis (DFE) size in various ages of gestation and establish a reference chart for Iranian population. Materials & Methods: DFE diameter was measured in 1300 normal singleton pregnancies, between 28 and 40 weeks. Mean diameter in each week of gestation was evaluated. Results: The DFE is not visualized in 28 weeks’ gestation. It appeared in a small proportion of the fetuses (5%) as early as the 29th week. DFE was detectable by ultrasonography increased dramatically to 56% at 33 weeks’ reaching 94% at 36 weeks and 100% at 37 weeks gestation. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic visualization of the distal femoral epiphyses ossification center is a useful marker of fetal third trimester’s gestational age

Evaluation of the Effects of 660-nm and 810-nm Low-Level Diode Lasers on the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity

Introduction: Dentin hypersensitivity is a common oral problem that occurs as a short and sharp pain. There are many techniques to treat this condition, the latest of which is laser treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two type of low-power diode lasers (660 nm and 810 nm) on dentin hypersensitivity in order to achieve an acceptable clinical application by adjusting the effective parameters.Materials and methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, sensitive teeth of 7 patients were divided into three groups with randomized matching method: group I, treated with 660-nm diode laser irradiation; group II, treated with diode laser 810-nm and group III, the control group. Irradiation parameters for 660-nm and 810-nm diode lasers were a power of 30 mW and 100 mW, respectively, in contact and continuous mode, perpendicular to tooth surface with a sweeping motion. Treatments were carried out in four sessions, at weekly intervals. Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS 22, using one-way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA and LSD (least significant difference) test. Significance level was considered as a=0.05.Results: There were no significant differences in VAS score changes between the two laser groups after the intervention in the first, second and third weeks compared to baseline (P>0.05). These changes in the fourth week were significantly higher in the 810-nm laser group compared to the 660-nm laser group (P=0.04) and in the 660-nm laser group were more than the control group (P=0.02). Mean VAS scores at 1-week, 1-month and 2-month postoperative intervals were significantly lower in 810-nm laser group than 660-nm laser group and in the 660-nm laser group they were less than the control group (P<0.001).Conclusion: The use of 660-nm and 810-nm diode lasers with a power of 30 and 100 mW, respectively, for 120 seconds was effective in reducing pain in patients with dentin hypersensitivity. However, the effect of 810-nm laser was more long lasting in reducing the dentin hypersensitivity than that of the 660-nm laser.