The study of left ventricular relaxation and filling abnormalities in acute coronary syndrome by doppler echocardiography

Objectives: To study the left ventricular relaxation and filling abnormalities by doppler echocardiography and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome. Methods:  Fifty patients of acute coronary syndrome were included in the study. The left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was studied using doppler transmitral velocities within the apical 4- chambers view (1st study-on the day of admission and 2nd study- after one week). The various parameters studied were peak E (peak rapid filling velocity), peak A (atrial contraction wave), E/A ratio, E-DT (E- deceleration time), IVRT (isovolumetric relaxation time), S-wave (systolic forward flow wave), D-wave (diastolic forward flow wave) and AR-wave (atrial reversal wave). Results: Of 50 patients studied 3 had normal, 36 patients had impaired relaxation, 5 patients had pseudo-normalization, 4 patients reversible and 2 patients irreversible restrictive filling on the day of admission (1st study). In the 2nd study (after one week) 16 were normal, 20 patients had impaired relaxation, 5 patients had pseudo-normalization, 6 patients had reversible and 2 patients had irreversible restrictive filling. Conclusion: Doppler echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the setting of acute coronary syndrome helps in the management and provides independent noninvasive prognostic information

Farmer to Farmer Spread of Fodder Crops--An Analysis on Mango Orchards in South India

India ranks first among world mango (Mangifera indica L.) producing countries, accounting for about 50% of world production. Karnataka in southern India is one of the important mango producing provinces of the country. The total area under mango crops in Karnataka is 160,000 ha of which 90,000 ha is in prime fruit yielding stage. In the year 2011-12 alone the area under mango crops has gone up by 10,000 ha (DoH, 2013). The usual planting distance followed by most farmers for mango is 10 m by 10 m. Intercropping, mainly with small millet is practiced until the mango trees attain a suitable height and develop canopy (at 5-6 years of age). The space between the mango tree rows which is not cultivated is estimated to be 67,500 ha (75%) and this provides ample scope for introduction of improved fodder crops in mango orchards through non-competitive land use. Formal methods of diffusion of fodder technologies in India are not only few but are also inefficient. In such cases diffusion can be enhanced through participation of farmers (Kormawa et al., 2004). However farmer to farmer dissemination of technologies is a neglected area of research (Grisley, 1994). A study on diffusing fodder technologies in interspaces of mango orchards of farmers in a participatory mode was conducted in Karnataka. One objective was to develop a method to improve the fodder availability using mango orchards by encouraging farmers to be partners for better feeding of livestock in the region

Chip equalized adaptive rake receiver for DS-CDMA UWB systems

Conventional Rake receiver is a popular and effective method of utilizing the diversity offered by a DS-CDMA and multipath communication channel. The proposed Rake receiver is useful for suppression of multiple access interference in a multipath channel. The receiver works on chip level equalization on each Rake finger to cancel multi-access interference. Simulation results show that the convergence, diversity gain and bit error probability performance of the proposed receiver is much better than conventional adaptive Rake receiver in multipath channels

Frequency and time hopping PPM UWB multiple access communication scheme

In this paper we propose frequency and time hopping pulse position modulation (FTH-PPM) ultra wideband (UWB) for multiple access communications.We have derived and investigated the bit error probability for the multi-user synchronous transmitter case in multipath channels with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Simulation results show that bit error probability performance of FTH-PPM UWB out performs the time hopping pulse position modulated (TH-PPM) UWB system. It also show that multiuser capacity of FTH-PPM UWB system is much better than TH-PPM UWB system

Artificial Neural Network based Cancer Cell Classification

This paper addresses the system which achieves auto-segmentation and cell characterization for prediction of percentage of carcinoma (cancerous) cells in the given image with high accuracy. The system has been designed and developed for analysis of medical pathological images based on hybridization of syntactic and statistical approaches, using Artificial Neural Network as a classifier tool (ANN) [2]. This system performs segmentation and classification as is done in human vision system [1] [9] [10] [12], which recognize objects; perceives depth; identifies different textures, curved surfaces, or a surface inclination by texture information and brightness. In this paper, an attempt has been made to present an approach for soft tissue characterization utilizing texture-primitive features and segmentation with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifier tool. The present approach directly combines second, third, and fourth steps into one algorithm. This is a semi-supervised approach in which supervision is involved only at the level of defining structure of Artificial Neural Network; afterwards, algorithm itself scans the whole image and performs the segmentation and classification in unsupervised mode. Finally, algorithm was applied to selected pathological images for segmentation and classification. Results were in agreement with those with manual segmentation and were clinically correlated [18] [21]. Keywords: Grey scale images, Histogram equalization, Gausian filtering, Haris corner detector, Threshold, Seed point, Region growing segmentation, Tamura texture feature extraction, Artificial Neural Network(ANN), Artificial Neuron, Synapses, Weights, Activation function, Learning function, Classification matrix

Comparative node selection-based localization technique for wireless sensor networks: A bilateration approach

Wireless sensor networks find extensive applications, such as environmental and smart city monitoring, structural health, and target location. To be useful, most sensor data must be localized. We propose a node localization technique based on bilateration comparison (BACL) for dense networks, which considers two reference nodes to determine the unknown position of a third node. The mirror positions resulted from bilateration are resolved by comparing their coordinates with the coordinates of the reference nodes. Additionally, we use network clustering to further refine the location of the nodes. We show that BACL has several advantages over Energy Aware Co-operative Localization (EACL) and Underwater Recursive Position Estimation (URPE): (1) BACL uses bilateration (needs only two reference nodes) instead of trilateration (that needs three reference nodes), (2) BACL needs reference (anchor) nodes only on the field periphery, and (3) BACL needs substantially less communication and computation. Through simulation, we show that BACL localization accuracy, as root mean square error, improves by 53% that of URPE and by 40% that of EACL. We also explore the BACL localization error when the anchor nodes are placed on one or multiple sides of a rectangular field, as a trade-off between localization accuracy and network deployment effort. Best accuracy is achieved using anchors on all field sides, but we show that localization refinement using node clustering and anchor nodes only on one side of the field has comparable localization accuracy with anchor nodes on two sides but without clustering

CHOKING IN A PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT - A CASE REPORT

Choking is one of the important types of asphyxia deaths. The incidences of which are not uncommon. The choking in children could be due toys, coins, marbles, nuts and any other small hard object or even sometimes due to stuffed in plastic bags whereas in adults most of the times food bolus or hard parts of food like bone pieces are responsible. It is mostly accidental in nature.  It can cause coughing or sometimes airway obstruction leading to death. We present a case wherein a mentally ill person accidentally choked to death after consumption of food. KEYWORDS: Choking; Asphyxial deaths; Food bolus; Airway obstruction

CHOKING IN A PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT - A CASE REPORT

Choking is one of the important types of asphyxia deaths. The incidences of which are not uncommon. The choking in children could be due toys, coins, marbles, nuts and any other small hard object or even sometimes due to stuffed in plastic bags whereas in adults most of the times food bolus or hard parts of food like bone pieces are responsible. It is mostly accidental in nature.  It can cause coughing or sometimes airway obstruction leading to death. We present a case wherein a mentally ill person accidentally choked to death after consumption of food. KEYWORDS: Choking; Asphyxial deaths; Food bolus; Airway obstruction

CORRELATION OF CELLULAR AUTOLYTIC CHANGES IN BONE MARROW WITH POST-MORTEM INTERVAL

Estimation of post mortem interval is of great importance in both civil and criminal disputes. Determining time since death is extremely difficult and accuracy can never be met. Most of the methods currently employed are temperature based algorithms, rigor mortis, livor mortis, thanato-chemistry etc. But the uncertainties attaching to traditional means of establishing the time since death have directed attention to the chemical changes in the body fluids like cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous humour along with various cellular changes in the body tissues. The study of the viability and morphological changes seen in the cells of various body tissues could provide useful information regarding post-mortem interval. In our study the cellular and cytoplasmic changes observed were time related up to 16 hours. KEYWORDS: Post mortem interval; Cellular changes; Cytoplasmic changes

Use of intramyometrial carbetocin in caesarean myomectomy to reduce hemorrhage

Traditionally myomectomy is avoided during caesarean delivery because of potential excessive blood loss. As the size increases, blood supply of leiomyomas also increases in pregnancy, and specifically at term due to the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin. Carbetocin is an oxytocin analog. It is long acting and is effective in preventing blood loss. It has been used in myomectomy to prevent blood loss in non-pregnant uterus. We present a case report where it is used intramyometrial route during caesarean section. A 30-year-old multigravida of 38 weeks period of gestation with previous caesarean section, presented in labor. Her recent ultra sound report showed single live intrauterine fetus of 35 weeks 3 days with a single posterior wall fibroid. The woman requested for myomectomy along with caesarean delivery as she had heavy menstrual bleeding caesarean section was done and myomectomy was planned along with the caesarean section. Intramyometrial carbetocin 100 mcg was used to prevent excessive blood loss. The patient had an uneventful post-operative period. Intramyometrial carbetocin is an effective method to reduce blood loss in myomectomy during caesarean delivery