127 research outputs found
Ă–sszehasonlĂtĂł fiziomorfolĂłgiai Ă©s termodinamikai vizsgálatok boglárkalepke-fĂ©lĂ©k (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) monofiletikus Ă©s nem monofiletikus fajcsoportjainak pikkelyein, kĂĽlönös tekintettel a diszkoloráciĂł konvergens jelensĂ©gĂ©re = Comparative physiomorphological and thermodinamic investigations on the scales of monophyletic and non-monophyletic lycaenid butterfly (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) species-groups with special regard to the convergent phenomenon of discolouration
Holarktikumban Ă©s a nearktikumban Ă©lĹ‘ monofiletikus lepkefaj-csoportok szárnyain találhatĂł pikkelyek micro- Ă©s nanomorfolĂłgiáját kutattuk pásztázĂł- Ă©s transzmissziĂłs elektron mikroszkĂłppal, optikai jelensĂ©geiket vizsgáltunk kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ spektroszkĂłpikus technikákkal, továbbá termikus mĂ©rĂ©seket vĂ©geztĂĽnk. MegállapĂtottuk, hogy a magasabb taxonĂłmiai kategĂłriák (gĂ©nuszok, tribuszok) pikkelyeinek micro- Ă©s nanomorfolĂłgiája, Ă©s ebbĹ‘l fakadĂł spektroszkĂłpiája kvalitatĂv tekintetben azonos, mĂg faji szinten markáns kvanitatĂv kĂĽlönbsĂ©gek Ă©szlelhetĹ‘k. Bemutattuk, hogy a diszkolorált lepkefajok szárnyainak fedĹ‘pikkely rĂ©tege elveszti azokat a nanostruktĂşrákat, amelyek fotonikus kristály elvkĂ©nt működĹ‘ szerkezetekkĂ©nt működnek. Ez a minĹ‘sĂ©gi változás hatĂ©konyabb hĹ‘szabályozást eredmĂ©nyez, mivel az alappikelyrĂ©teg a benne levĹ‘ nagy mennyisĂ©gben találhatĂł pigment testek rĂ©vĂ©n több napenergiát kĂ©pes begyűjteni. A diszkoloráciĂł jelensĂ©ge a nappal repĂĽlĹ‘ pikkelyes-szárnyĂş lepkĂ©k esetĂ©ben szĂ©les körben kimutathatĂł, Ă©s fontos fajkĂ©pzĹ‘dĂ©si mechanizmus. CsillogĂł Ă©s matt szerkezeti szĂnek elemzĂ©se során feltártuk, hogy a hosszĂş rendezettsĂ©get mutatĂł (többkristályos) szerkezetek kĂĽlönfĂ©le, elsĹ‘sorban szexuális kommunikáciĂłban alkalmazott fajtĂłl fĂĽggĹ‘ fĂ©nyes optikai szignálokat támogatnak, mĂg a rövid rendezettsĂ©gű (magányos kristályos) szerkezetek matt szĂneket generálnak Ă©s univerzális univerzális szerepĂĽk álcázĂł vagy utánzĂł jellegű. ElsĹ‘kĂ©nt mutattuk ki a hosszĂş Ă©s a rövid rendezettsĂ©get mutatĂł fotonikus kristályok jelenlĂ©tĂ©t ugyanazon lepkefaj szárnyain. | We investigated the wing scale micro- and nanomorphologies in monophyletic groups of butterflies living in the Holarctic and the Neotropic faunal regions by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, varios methods of experimental spectroscopy and we carried out thermal measurements. We found scale micro- and nanomorphology and the generated spectroscopic properties of higher taxonomic categories (genera, tribes) are qualitatively identical, but marked quantitative differencies can be detected in species level. We demonstrated that the cover scale layer in the wings of the discolored species looses nanostructures, which are working as photonic crystals int he body of the scales. This quantitative change results more sufficient thermal regulation as the ground scale layer heavily packed with pigments is able to absorb more energy from sunlight. This phenomenon is widely distributed amongst day flying Lepidoptera, and seems to be an important mechanism of speciation. By the analysis of various structural colours we demonstrated, that structures revealing long range orders (poly-crystals) support species-dependent, first of all vivid optical signals applied in sexual communication, while structures with short range orders (sinle-crystals) generate matt colours and playing an universal role in camouflage and mimicry. We have demonstrated first that photonic crystals both with long and short range orders are present in the wings of the same Lepidoptera species
Egy új roncsolásmentes geokémiai módszer - a PGAA - archeometriai alkalmazásai = Applications of a New Non-destructive Geochemical Method (PGAA) in Archaeometry
KĹ‘eszközök közĂĽl obszidián, radiolarit, flint, limnokvarcit pattintott-, valamint bazalt, dolerit, zöldpala-kontakt metabázit csiszolt eszközök Ă©s szerszámkövek nyersanyageredet-vizsgálatát vĂ©geztĂĽk elsĹ‘sorban roncsolásmentes PGAA-val. Horvát Ă©s bosnyák ásatásokrĂłl származĂł obszidián rĂ©gĂ©szeti leletekrĹ‘l megállapĂtottuk, hogy nyersanyaguk mediterrán (Lipari), ill. kárpáti (Tokaj-hg.) eredetű. A kĂ©t nyersanyagellátási terĂĽlet határát Bosznia közĂ©psĹ‘ rĂ©szĂ©n valĂłszĂnűsĂtjĂĽk. ElsĹ‘kĂ©nt szolgáltattunk analitikai alapadatokat radiolarit, Ă©s más kova kĹ‘eszközökrĹ‘l. Megmutattuk, hogy az ÉNy-horvátországi kovás nyersanyagok gyenge minĹ‘sĂ©gűek, feltehetĹ‘en csupán helyi eszközkĂ©szĂtĂ©sre használták. Vizsgáltuk a Magyar Nemzeti MĂşzeum Ebenhöch gyűjtemĂ©nyĂ©t Ă©s a gorzsai kĂ©sĹ‘ neolit lelĹ‘hely csiszolt kĹ‘eszköz leleteit. Alap adatbázist hoztunk lĂ©tre a magyarországi csiszolt kĹ‘eszközök Ă©s nĂ©hány potenciális nyersanyag PGAA mĂ©rĂ©si eredmĂ©nyeibĹ‘l. PontosĂtottuk a felsĹ‘csatári Ă©s a cseh-masszĂvumbeli zöldpala-metabázit kĹ‘zettĂpusok elkĂĽlönĂthetĹ‘sĂ©gĂ©t, jĂł eredmĂ©nyeket Ă©rtĂĽnk el a bazalt-dolerit-alkáli dolerit elkĂĽlönĂtĂ©sĂ©ben. A PGAA mĂ©rĂ©sek alapján számos finomszemcsĂ©s kĹ‘eszköz kĹ‘zettĂpusát tisztáztuk. A BĂĽkki kultĂşra kerámiáirĂłl geokĂ©miai adatokkal (XRF, kiegĂ©szĂtĹ‘ PGAA) bizonyĂtottuk, hogy a jellegzetes finomkerámia tĂpus nem a nyersanyag kĂ©miai-ásványos összetĂ©tele, hanem fizikai-technolĂłgiai tulajdonságai miatt egyedi. LĂ©trehoztunk egy rĂ©gĂ©szeti kerámia adatbázist (CERAMIS). | We performed provenance research of chipped stone tools (obsidian, radiolarite, flint, etc.), as well as of polished stone tools (basalt, greenschist, etc) and other stone utensils – with non-destructive PGAA. We established a differentiation between the Mediterranean (Lipari) and Carpathian (Tokaj) origin obsidian archaeological objects, found in Croatia and Bosnia. A border of the two supply areas supposed to exist in central Bosnia. The first basic analytical data of radiolarite and other silex stone tools were provided. It was shown that the poor quality North-western Croatian silex was used probably for local production. Polished stone tools from Ebenhöch Collection of the Hungarian National Museum and the stone assemblage of the late Neolithic Gorzsa site were also studied. A PGAA database of Hungarian origin polished stone objects and their raw materials was set. A more accurate distinction between greenschist-metabasite from FelsĹ‘csatár and the Bohemian Massif was done. Based on PGAA results, typology of some fine-grained stone tools was cleared up. We also investigated Neolithic ceramics from Northern Hungary (BĂĽkk culture). We proved with geochemical experimental data (XRF and PGAA) that the typical finegrain ceramics are distinctive in their physical-technological properties, rather than in their raw material composition. Finally, a database of archaeological ceramics (CERAMIS) was created
Photonic Nanoarchitectures in Butterfly Scales Allowing Species Identification
AbstractWe investigated photonic crystal colored blue butterfly wings with the use of optical spectroscopy. The extracted data from the optical spectra were analyzed by artificial neural network software. Over 100 exemplars of nine related Polyommatus species could be classified with 96% accuracy using only the spectral data measured in a nondestructive way
Substance specific chemical sensing with pristine and modified photonic nanoarchitectures occurring in blue butterfly wing scales
Nowadays, the potential applications of photonic crystal type materials in sensing [1] are in the focus of attention [2,3]. As sensors penetr ate the everyday life,
the vigorous development of sensorics tries to cover the need for miniature sensor systems which are capable of making distinction between vapors of different vola tile organic compounds (VOCs) and have fast response time combined with low energy consum ption [3]. Selective chemical sensors based on photonic nanoarchitectures, like those in the wing scales of butterflies possessing structural coloration [4] may offer cheap solution to this problem
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