Assessment of the microbiological quality of pattern minas cheese commercialized in Uberlândia and Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais

O queijo minas padrão é um produto elaborado com leite pasteurizado, fermentado com culturas mesófilas e adição de coalho. Esse queijo passa por um processo de maturação artesanal, possui uma casca firme de cor amarelada e sabor ácido. O presente trabalho avaliou a qualidade microbiológica de queijo minas padrão comercializado em duas microrregiões (Uberlândia e Patos de Minas) da mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram examinadas 40 amostras de queijo. Os ensaios microbiológicos foram contagens de enterobactérias, Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35 oC, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Na microrregião de Patos de Minas, os resultados foram de 45%, 35%, 20% e 20% superiores a 103 CFU/g para as contagens de enterobactérias, Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35oC e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, respectivamente. Cinco por cento das amostras analisadas foram positivas à pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Considerando a microrregião analisada (Uberlândia e Patos de Minas), a conclusão obtida foi que na região estudada, as condições de higiene nas etapas de fabricação, manuseio, transporte e armazenamento do queijo minas padrão são precárias, sendo necessária a implementação de sistemas de Boas Práticas de Fabricação (GMP), incluindo Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (HACCP).Pattern minas cheese is a product developed with pasteurized milk, fermented with mesophilic cultures, and with the final addition of rennet. This cheese undergoes an artisanal maturation process and possesses a firm shell of yellowish color and striking and acidic flavor. Our study objective was to evaluate the microbiological quality of pattern minas cheese. We collected 40 samples from two micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas) of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesor regions of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The microbiological test results were recorded as counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. In the Patos de Minas micro region, the results were 45%, 35%, 20%, and 20% higher than 103 CFU/g for the counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, and Staphylococcus coagulase-positive, respectively. Five percent of the analyzed samples were positive for Salmonella spp. in the Uberlândia micro region. Based on the findings of the microbiota in the cheese analyzed from the micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas), we concluded that the hygiene conditions in the manufacturing, handling, transport, and storage stages were precarious, requiring the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) systems, including Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)

Characterization of S3Pvac Anti-Cysticercosis Vaccine Components: Implications for the Development of an Anti-Cestodiasis Vaccine

Background: Cysticercosis and hydatidosis seriously affect human health and are responsible for considerable economic loss in animal husbandry in non-developed and developed countries. S3Pvac and EG95 are the only field trial-tested vaccine candidates against cysticercosis and hydatidosis, respectively. S3Pvac is composed of three peptides (KETc1, GK1 and KETc12), originally identified in a Taenia crassiceps cDNA library. S3Pvac synthetically and recombinantly expressed is effective against experimentally and naturally acquired cysticercosis.Methodology/ Principal Findings: In this study, the homologous sequences of two of the S3Pvac peptides, GK1 and KETc1, were identified and further characterized in Taenia crassiceps WFU, Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Comparisons of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences coding for KETc1 and GK1 revealed significant homologies in these species. The predicted secondary structure of GK1 is almost identical between the species, while some differences were observed in the C terminal region of KETc1 according to 3D modeling. A KETc1 variant with a deletion of three C-terminal amino acids protected to the same extent against experimental murine cysticercosis as the entire peptide. on the contrary, immunization with the truncated GK1 failed to induce protection. Immunolocalization studies revealed the non stage-specificity of the two S3Pvac epitopes and their persistence in the larval tegument of all species and in Taenia adult tapeworms.Conclusions/ Significance: These results indicate that GK1 and KETc1 may be considered candidates to be included in the formulation of a multivalent and multistage vaccine against these cestodiases because of their enhancing effects on other available vaccine candidates

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

PRESENCE OF HELMINTH EGGS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM CAMPO GRANDE (MS, BRAZIL) MUNICIPALITY AFTER ANAEROBIC TREATMENT LEVANTAMENTO DE OVOS DE HELMINTOS EM LODO DE ESGOTO ORIUNDO DE CAMPO GRANDE (MS) APÓS TRATAMENTO ANAERÓBICO

<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">The present study was conducted to evaluate the helminth eggs presence in sewage sludge, previously treated in anerobic digestion process like anaerobic liquid fluid reactor. First of all were evaluated different kinds of materials to choose the best filter which permitted to filter the <em>Taenia saginata </em>eggs. The filter that showed better adaptation was the fine toilet paper one sheet. The helminth eggs were classified for their genera, according to their morphology. The <em>Taenia</em> sp, <em>Trichuris</em>, <em>Dipylidium</em> and <em>Strongyloides</em> were find only in one collect. The number of nematode eggs prevailed on the cestodes. The quantity of helminths eggs found was variable, indicatting complementary treatments process to the sewage sludge. It was concluded that the filter tested was efficient to <em>Taenia</em> sp eggs and to other helminth eggs present in sewage sludge. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">KEY WORDS: Biossolid, filter, <em>Taenia</em> sp.</span> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">O presente trabalho avaliou a presença de ovos de helmintos em lodo de esgoto, previamente tratado em sistema de digestão anaeróbia do tipo reator anaeróbio de lodo fluidizado (RALF). Primeiramente testaram-se diferentes tipos de materiais para a escolha do filtro que possibilitasse a passagem de ovos de </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Taenia saginata</span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">. O filtro mais adequado foi o papel higiênico fino, folha única. Classificaram-se os ovos de helmintos por gênero, de acordo com sua morfologia. Encontraram-se ovos de <em>Taenia</em> sp, <em>Trichuris</em>, <em>Dipylidium</em> e <em>Strongyloides</em> em apenas uma das colheitas. O número de ovos de nematóides prevaleceu sobre os de cestóides. Houve variação na quantidade encontrada de ovos de helmintos, indicando a necessidade de o lodo de esgoto receber tratamentos complementares. Concluiu-se que o filtro avaliado foi eficaz tanto para ovos de <em>Taenia</em> sp quanto para outros ovos de helmintos existentes em lodo de esgoto. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Biossólido, filtro, <em>Taenia</em> sp</span&gt