Characterization and isolation of a trypsin-like serine protease from a long-term culture cytolytic t cell line andits expression by functionally distinct T cells

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Frequency and Directionality of Gene Conversion Events Involving the CYC7-H3 Mutation in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

The CYC7-H3 mutation is a 5-kb deletion that causes overproduction of iso-2 cytochrome c. Unlike most mutations in yeast, the CYC7-H3 mutation is preferentially lost when it is involved in a gene conversion event. We have shown that cloned copies of CYC7-H3 DNA that are inserted into the yeast genome are associated with a high frequency of recombination and aberrant segregation events. Since parity in conversion frequency was observed when the extensive insertion/deletion heterozygosity at this locus was eliminated, we conclude that the CYC7-H3 sequences are inherently capable of acting as donors or recipients in gene conversion events, although they are unlikely to act as donors when they are located opposite a large heterology. DNA sequence comparisons revealed similarities between the CYC7-H3 junction region and the 2-µm circle DNA region that is involved in site-specific recombination

DNA-mediated transformation of the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus.

We have developed a simple and efficient transformation system for the agaric fungus, Coprinus cinereus. Protoplasts were prepared from asexual spores that harbor one or two mutations in the structural gene for tryptophan synthetase. The protoplasts can be stably transformed using the cloned Coprinus gene at a frequency of 1 in 10(4) viable protoplasts. A variety of molecular events accompanies the formation of stable transformants, including insertion of the transforming DNA at the homologous locus. The transforming DNA is stable through cell division, mating, fruiting body formation, and meiosis

Anion-Tuned Layered Double Hydroxide Anodes for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers: From Catalyst Screening to Single-Cell Performance

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is an attractive emerging green hydrogen technology. However, the scaling of trends in activity of anode catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) from a liquid-electrolyte, three-electrode environment to the two-electrode single-cell format has remained poorly considered. Herein, we critically investigate the scaling of kinetic and catalytic properties of a family of highly active Ni foam (NF) supported, anion (A–)-tuned NiFe(-A–)-OER catalysts. Trends in catalytic activity suggest impressive improvements of up to 91-fold in three-electrode setups (3LC) compared to uncoated NF. While we demonstrate the successful qualitative structure–performance tunability in a 5 cm2 AEMWE single cell, we also find serious limitations in the quantitative predictability of three-electrode setups for single-cell performance trends. Cell environments appear to equalize the cell performances of designer catalysts, which has important ramifications for electrode development. We succeed in analyzing and discussing some of these translation limitations in terms of previously overlooked effects summarized in the activity improvement factor f