Corporate envy and emotional dynamics in the internal selection process of corporate venturing initiatives

Corporate venturing initiatives, which exemplify corporate entrepreneurial behavior, follow an evolutionary path of variation, selection, and retention. While their external selection is a consequence of their performance, their internal selection is subject to forces of complementarity and legitimacy, and how well competition from other initiatives is overcome. This chapter aims to unfold the dynamics of the internal selection process of initiatives, focusing on its emotional dimensions. Assuming that organizational agents have a deliberate role in guiding the internal selection process of initiatives, the chapter examines how organizational agents' emotional dynamics influence this process. The chapter draws its theoretical basis from the intraorganizational evolutionary perspective and the literature on emotions in organizations. The case of a corporate venturing initiative and the narratives of four managers involved directly and indirectly in the initiative are used to illustrate how the emotional dynamics of organizational members evoked envy toward a venturing initiative and directly impacted its degree of competition and complementarity with other interacting initiatives, ultimately hampering its selection

Ampelographic and Genetic Characterization of Grapevine Varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) of the ‘Mavroudia’ Group Cultivated in Greece

Twenty-one grapevine varieties grown all over Greece and belonging to ‘Mavroudia’ group were ampelographically described and genotyped by AFLP molecular analysis in order to discriminate the varieties, synonyms, homonyms and variations of the group. In most cases, the molecular findings confirmed the results of the ampelographic description. In general, and despite the high degree of genetic similarity between certain pairs of the studied cultivars, the group of ‘Mavroudia’ was characterized as being heterogeneous. From the studied cultivars, ‘Kountoura mavri’, ‘Mavro Spetson’ and ‘Pappoudes’ showed very high degree of genetic similarity, sustaining the hypothesis that the last two are clones of the first. Grapevine cultivar ‘Pappoudes’ was for the first time ampelographically described and identified as being closely related to ‘Kountoura mavri’. High degree of genetic similarity was observed between cultivars ‘Gaidouricha’ and ‘Agiomavritiko’, suggesting that they probably originated from the same parent variety through the accumulation of mutations. This may also be true for cultivars ‘Mavrokorakas’ and ‘Kartsiotis’. Also, the results from the statistical analysis showed that ‘Mavro Arachovis’, ‘Mavroudi Voulgarias’ and ‘Voulgaroudes’, despite the relatively high genetic similarity between them, are different. The same applies for the rest of the cultivars studied, while ‘Mavro Kalavriton’, the most widespread variety of the ‘Mavroudia’ group, showed the lowest degree of genetic similarity within the all the cultivars studied. The ampelographic description in combination with the molecular method AFLP are effective for the study of the between and within genetic diversity of grapevine cultivars as well as for their identification and discrimination

A New Measurement Model to Estimate the Intensity of Acrotony on the Latent Buds of Grapevine Canes (Vitis vinifera L.)

In warm regions, such as in southern Greece, the climate change can lead to prolonged dormancy as well as to problems in bud dormancy (delay in breaking time, reduce the rate of budbreak, intensity of the phenomenon of acrotony, grapevine bud fall, disorders in bloom with intense blossom dropping, etc.), with a significant impact on the production of the vines. In these areas, it is necessary to apply chemical substances in order to break the dormancy and advance budbreak, especially when it comes to new table grape varieties, most of which are seedless. Another phenomenon which is observed on grapevines and is directly associated with budbreak is acrotony, where the apical buds of the cane break first compared to the middle and basal ones. Acrotony can constitute a problem because it can cause irregular grape ripening, different timing of various activities in the vineyard, which brings about higher cultivation costs. In this research, a new method to measure and evaluate the acrotony and its intensity on the latent buds of grapevine canes was described. The results of two chemical substances applied on table grape variety ‘Prime’ in order to advance budbreak were presented

Genetic Study of Native Grapevine Varieties of Northern, Western and Central Greece with the Use of Ampelographic and Molecular Methods

The aim of this study was the identification and discrimination of 49 grapevine varieties that are cultivated in northern, western and central Greece with the use of the ampelographic description and the molecular method RAPD. The grapevine varieties were located in their cultivation centers and the studied samples were collected from productive vineyards of these regions. For the ampelographic description, 22 ampelographic characters were used following a list of descriptors developed by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), while for the molecular analysis 8 of the most polymorphic primers were used. The results showed that: (a) there is high degree of genetic heterogeneity among most of the varieties studied, (b) grapevine varieties ‘Xinomavro’ and ‘Zalovitiko’ exhibited identity with both methods used, therefore the latter constitutes a synonym/clone of the former, (c) high degree of genetic similarity was recorded between cv ‘Stavroto’ and ‘Abelakiotiko’, a result enhancing the view that they constitute biotypes/clones of an original/parent variety and originated through the accumulation of mutations, (d) a previous hypothesis is confirmed. This hypothesis states that in the vineyards of northern Greece, different varieties of Vitis vinifera L. as well as hybrids (direct producers) were imported. Names/synonyms were given to these imported varieties and hybrids related to their place of origin or the morphological traits of the grape/berries implying identity among them (‘Mavroudi’, ‘Voulgariko’, ‘Voulgaroudia’, ‘Vapsa’ etc.), while they are different varieties, (e) the combination of the ampelographic description and the molecular method RAPD is very effective in the identification and discrimination of grapevine cultivars

Genetic study of grape cultivars belonging to the muscat family by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

Eleven decamer primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence were used to amplify genomic DNA through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RAPD) in order to identify and discriminate between 14 grape cultivars (types or synonyms) belonging to the muscat family. Over 115 reproducible polymorphic fragments were generated by this method. On the basis of these fragments the degree of genetic similarity was calculated and the dendrogram of the 14 cultivars was established. The results indicate that there is genetic variation among the cultivars of the muscat family with values of the genetic similarity ranging from 0.666 to 1.00. On the basis of the observed bands it was possible to identify and discriminate between the cultivars studied except for Moschato aspro and Moscudi which were found to be identical

Identification and discrimination of eight Greek grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

Fifteen decamer primers of an arbitrary nucleotide sequence were used to amplify genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RAPD) in order to identify and discriminate between 8 cultivars of Vitis vinifera L., grown at the Island of Crete. Over 140 reproducible polymorphic fragments were generated by this method. Each grape cultivar showed a unique banding pattern for more than 5 of the primers used. Herefrom, the degree of genetic similarity was calculated and the dendrogram of the 8 cultivars was constructed. The results show that RAPD is a reliable and very useful method for the identification and genomic analysis of grape cultivars

Comparative study of polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in fruits of Arbutus unedo, A. andrachne and their natural hybrid A.× andrachnoides

Fruits of the three Arbutus species native in the Eastern Mediterranean region, i.e. Arbutus andrachne, A. unedo and their natural hybrid A. × andrachnoides, collected from two different regions in Greece (Kalamos and Varympompi), were analysed comparatively in order to determine their phenolic profile and measure the antioxidant activity using two different single electron transfer-based assays, ferric reducing ability (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazil radical scavenging capacity (DPPH). The pomological characteristics of the hybrid were similar to A. andrachne, while A. unedo had about 2.0-2.5 times larger fruits, with 20% more moisture being 175% heavier. All three species and their biotypes from the two areas had high phenolic content and antioxidant properties and were clearly pulled in different groups. Total flavanols scored a very strong correlation to antioxidant capacity. Highest total flavanols concentrations were found in A. andrachne fruits, while the hybrid had similar concentrations with A. unedo. In samples from Kalamos, concerning condensed tannins, total flavones, flavonols, phenolics and antioxidant capacity FRAP, as well as total anthocyanin and delphinidin 3-O-galactoside, the hybrid presented average values compared to the two parental species, while A. andrachne had the highest values. A strong correlation was found between ortho-diphenols and total soluble solids, as well as of total phenolics and flavonoids with total anthocyanins. The polyphenolic content and the antioxidant capacity varied in different biotypes. A. andrachne biotype from Kalamos showed the highest antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin potential. All A. unedo biotypes and A. × andrachnoides from Varympompi showed higher concentrations of ascorbic acid compared to the other biotypes

Η φορολογία ως μοχλός ιστορικής εξέλιξης του συνταγματισμού στον κόσμο

Η παρούσα διπλωματική διαρθρώνεται σε δύο ενότητες και τα συμπεράσματα. Η πρώτη περιλαμβάνει πέντε κεφάλαια. Έκαστο παρουσιάζει ένα ιστορικό γεγονός-ορόσημο για τον συνταγματισμό, πρωταρχικό αίτιο του οποίου υπήρξε η φορολογία. Συγκεκριμένα, από τον αγγλοαμερικανικό χώρο μελετάται η Magna Carta, το Bill of Rights, το Tea Party και η διάλυση των Συνομόσπονδων Πολιτειών της Αμερικής. Οι τελευταίες, επιχειρείται να συγκριθούν με την ΕΕ, δοθέντος του ότι αμφότερες έχουν περιορισμένες αρμοδιότητες στο πεδίο της φορολογίας και κατ’ επέκταση περιορισμένα φορολογικά έσοδα για τη συντήρηση των μηχανισμών τους. Από τον ηπειρωτικοευρωπαϊκό χώρο μελετάται η Γαλλική Επανάσταση και η συνταγματική μοναρχία του 19ου αιώνα στη Γερμανία. Στη δεύτερη ενότητα παρουσιάζεται εξ απόψεως γενικής πολιτειολογίας, ο τρόπος με τον οποίο τα ανωτέρω ιστορικά συμβάντα αποκρυσταλλώθηκαν σε συνταγματικούς θεσμούς. Ειδικότερα, εξετάζεται η επίδραση της φορολογίας αφενός στη διαμόρφωση και εξέλιξη του αντιπροσωπευτικού συστήματος και αφετέρου στην κατοχύρωση της αρχής της αναλογικής ισότητας και του δικαιώματος της ιδιοκτησίας. Περαιτέρω, ερευνάται αν και κατά πόσο η φορολογία επενεργεί στην κατάρτιση τυπικών συνταγμάτων, καθώς και στις σχέσεις των τριών εξουσιών. Τέλος, αναπτύσσεται ο προβληματισμός αναφορικά με τη σχέση φορολογικής υποχρέωσης, δικαιώματος ψήφου και κοινωνικών δικαιωμάτων και παρατίθεται μία πρόταση εναρμόνισής τους. Στα συμπεράσματα συνοψίζονται τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας, που συμπυκνώνονται στο ότι η φορολογία αποτελεί μοχλό εξέλιξης του συνταγματισμού στον κόσμο.The present study is organized into two sections and the conclusions. The first section contains five chapters. Each one presents a historic moment – milestone in the development of constitutionalism - the root cause of which was taxation. Concerning the Anglo-Saxon world, the subjects of the studies are the Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights, the Tea Party and the dissolution of the Confederate States of America. The latter is compared with the EU on the basis of the limited tax competencies and thus on the lack of tax revenues. Regarding the continental Europe, the French Revolution and the Constitutional Monarchy in Germany in 19th century are studied. The second section presents the way in which the above-mentioned historic events are translated into constitutional institutions from a point of view of constitutional theory. More specifically, the research examines the impact of taxation on both the birth and the evolution of the representative system and on the principle of proportional equality and the right to property. Furthermore, it investigates whether and to what extent taxation affects the drafting of Constitutions and the principle of the separation of powers. The last chapter outlines some ideas on the relationship between tax liability, voting rights and social rights and sets out a proposal on how they could be in congruence. The conclusions summarize the results of the research, according to which taxation is the driving force behind the evolution of Constitutionalism in the world

Assessment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the grapes of grapevine cultivar Fokiano (Vitis vinifera L.) in Ikaria Island, under vineyard conditions

This study aimed at assessing the phenolic potential of indigenous Greek red grapevine cultivar Fokiano under different cultivation systems and altitudes, during the cultivation season 2019-2020, which could explore different approaches yielding better results in the same viticultural area, as is Ikaria Island. The samples of the present study were collected from productive (commercial) vineyards in the island of Ikaria, in the region of the North Aegean Sea. Samples of grapes were collected from 7 different vineyards at the northern part of Ikaria with different characteristics: (i) difference in the altitude of the vineyards and (ii) difference in the cultivation system (conventional or organic). The vineyards in question are located at an altitude of 200 m, 400 m, 600 m and 800 m. The samples were collected during the dates of harvest, which were determined according to the technological maturation of the grapes in combination with the biodynamic calendar. In all samples, the mechanical analyses of the grapes and berries took place and the characters of the must as well as the qualitative characters of the berries (must, skins, seeds) were studied. Total soluble solids of the must were calculated using a refractometer, the active acidity (pH) using a pH meter and the total acidity using a sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH). The mechanical analyses that were performed involved the weight of thirty (30) berries, the weight of the grape and the length and width of the berries and the grapes of each sample. The content of grape's skin in total anthocyanins, total phenolics, condensed tannins, total ortho-diphenols, total flavonoids, total flavanols, total flavonols and flavones and their antioxidant capacity with the use of FRAP and DPPH methods were determined using a spectrophotometer. The most important acids found in grapes were identified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The measurements in the grape seeds were made on the same compounds as the skins, except for total anthocyanins. The results of the present study showed that the altitude does not seem to have a significant effect on most of the qualitative and quantitative characters of the cultivar in Ikaria, however, in future studies, other factors that affect the qualitative characters of the grapes need to be taken into consideration and further evaluated. The microclimate of the highest altitude (800 m) had a positive effect regarding total phenolics, anthocyanins, tannins, flavonols, o-diphenol content and the antioxidant capacity of the skins according to FRAP method, but with opposite results in the case of the seeds. At the same time, it should be noted that no accurate conclusion can be drawn regarding the cultivation system (conventional or organic), since between the two pairs of conventional and organic vineyards (samples from conventional and organic vineyards at an altitude of 200 m - samples from conventional and organic vineyard at an altitude of 600 m), the measurements exhibit a variation in their results. The antioxidant capacity that was determined in the samples of Fokiano is also remarkable, when also compared with other indigenous red grapevine cultivars. In view of climate change, the exploitation of indigenous varieties under different soil and climatic conditions or even in the same viticultural region, like the one of the current experiment (different cultivation system, different altitude in the island of Ikaria) could unlock and highlight the full potential of such local varieties, depending on the final style of the wine produced

‘The International Teacher Leadership project,’ a case of international action research.

Copyright CARNThe paper arises from the International Teacher Leadership project, a research and development project involving researchers and practitioners in 14 European countries. The paper provides a conceptual exploration of the idea of teacher leadership and its role in educational reform, central to which is the idea that teachers, regardless of their level of power and organisational position, can engage in the leadership of enquiry-based development activity aimed at influencing their colleagues and embedding improved practices in their schools. The paper provides an outline of the project’s methodology which builds on that used in the Carpe Vitam Leadership for Learning project (Frost, 2008a). It is a form of collaborative action research which is highly developmental and discursive. It seeks to identify principles, strategies and tools that can be applied in a range of cultural settings. The paper includes a thematic analysis of the cultural contexts and policy environments of the participating countries in order to identify the obstacles to teacher leadership and to inform the nature of the support strategies employed