Harmonic Matrix and Harmonic Energy

We define the Harmonic energy as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the Harmonic matrix, and establish some of its properties, in particular lower and upper bounds for it

A Multimodal Graph Neural Network Framework of Cancer Molecular Subtype Classification

The recent development of high-throughput sequencing creates a large collection of multi-omics data, which enables researchers to better investigate cancer molecular profiles and cancer taxonomy based on molecular subtypes. Integrating multi-omics data has been proven to be effective for building more precise classification models. Current multi-omics integrative models mainly use early fusion by concatenation or late fusion based on deep neural networks. Due to the nature of biological systems, graphs are a better representation of bio-medical data. Although few graph neural network (GNN) based multi-omics integrative methods have been proposed, they suffer from three common disadvantages. One is most of them use only one type of connection, either inter-omics or intra-omic connection; second, they only consider one kind of GNN layer, either graph convolution network (GCN) or graph attention network (GAT); and third, most of these methods lack testing on a more complex cancer classification task. We propose a novel end-to-end multi-omics GNN framework for accurate and robust cancer subtype classification. The proposed model utilizes multi-omics data in the form of heterogeneous multi-layer graphs that combines both inter-omics and intra-omic connections from established biological knowledge. The proposed model incorporates learned graph features and global genome features for accurate classification. We test the proposed model on TCGA Pan-cancer dataset and TCGA breast cancer dataset for molecular subtype and cancer subtype classification, respectively. The proposed model outperforms four current state-of-the-art baseline models in multiple evaluation metrics. The comparative analysis of GAT-based models and GCN-based models reveals that GAT-based models are preferred for smaller graphs with less information and GCN-based models are preferred for larger graphs with extra information.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figur

Assessing the benthic ecological status in the stressed coastal waters of Yantai, Yellow Sea, using AMBI and M-AMBI.

The coastal waters around Yantai have been subjected to a variety of anthropogenic pressures over the last two decades. To assess the current benthic ecological health and the recovery process of the benthic ecosystem, four surveys were conducted in 2010 and 2011. The AMBI and M-AMBI were applied to assess the benthic ecological status. The ecological status of the Sishili Bay and Taozi Bay was &quot;moderate&quot; to &quot;good&quot; at most sampling stations during four surveys, but some stations were degraded due to pollution and eutrophication induced by human activities. The ecological status improved after removal of the marine raft culture and minimizing the amount of waste water discharged into the coastal waters of Yantai. The AMBI and M-AMBI could be used as suitable bio-indicator indices to assess the benthic ecological status of coastal waters in Yantai, Shandong Province.&nbsp;</p

A study on the trend of Global language Development

Inpart paper, by considering the data of population, economy, national policy from 2000 to 2015, we adapt Principal component analysis to quantify the data to find out the influence factors. We establish the Virus Infection model to predict the language users within 50 years. We get that Chinese, Spanish, English, India language and other languages will become the top ten languages in the next 50 years

Evolving corporate social responsibility in China

With a unique cultural background and fast economic development, China’s adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become the center of discussion worldwide, and its successful implementation will have great significance for global sustainability. This paper aims to explore how CSR has given way to economic growth in China since the start of economic transition and its cultural, historical and political background, and how this has affected or been affected by the economic performance of firms. Thus, the recent calls for China to adopt CSR in its industries follow a period where the country arguably had one of the strongest implementations of CSR approaches in the world. This transition is considered in the context of a case study of a Chinese state-owned enterprise (SOE) and a group of small private firms in the same industrial sector in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province over a time span of eight years. While the CSR of the SOE has been steadily decreasing along with the change of ownership structure, its economic performance did not improve as expected. On the other hand, with a steady improvement in economic performance, the small private firms are showing a great reluctance to engage in CSR. The results indicate that implementation of CSR in China needs both the manager’s ethical awareness and the change of institutional framework. The results also raise the question as to whether CSR is a universal concept with a desired means of implementation across the developed and developing world

Predictions of energy profile of four states in USA

In this paper, we calculate the value of the residual energy in 2001-2009 in four states by establishing Grey Prediction Model.  We use MATLAB software programming to predict the energy profile of each state for 2025 and 2050 in the absence of any policy changes

Efficiency Analysis of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Grain Production Based on Improved Grey Incidence Analysis

open access articleAnalyzing and evaluating the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in grain production is conducive to the rational allocation of resources, promoting the development of scientific and technological innovation in grain production and providing guarantee for grain security. By refining the elements of grain production and scientific and technological innovation, an evaluation system of scientific and technological innovation in grain production is constructed. Firstly, combining linear programming together with the traditional grey synthetic incidence analysis model, a incidence analysis of the scientific and technological innovation indicators of grain production is carried out, and the key and secondary indexes affecting grain outputs are screened by an improved grey incidence analysis model. Secondly, based on DEA-Malmquist index model and taking the grain production process as the research object, the scientific and technological achievement transformation indicators are divided into pre-production, in-production and post-production indicators. The key indicators and secondary indicators of scientific and technological innovation of grain production in various cities of Henan Province from 2010 to 2019 are used to analyze the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in each stage of grain production. The results show that: (1) The type of basic ability of scientific and technological innovation indicators and the transformation ability of scientific and technological innovation achievements are the major indicators influencing grain outputs, and the investment of basic resources of scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements are the most important to improve grain outputs. (2) In addition, the study reveals that the secondary indicators of the technological innovation efficiency of grain production based on the DEA-Malmquist index model are more efficient than the key indicators in the pre-production, in-production and post-production stages. And there are gaps in the scientific and technological innovation performance of grain production among cities in Henan Province, and the index of technological progress is the leading factor for the gap

Friction-induced nanofabrication method to produce protrusive nanostructures on quartz

In this paper, a new friction-induced nanofabrication method is presented to fabricate protrusive nanostructures on quartz surfaces through scratching a diamond tip under given normal loads. The nanostructures, such as nanodots, nanolines, surface mesas and nanowords, can be produced on the target surface by programming the tip traces according to the demanded patterns. The height of these nanostructures increases with the increase of the number of scratching cycles or the normal load. Transmission electron microscope observations indicated that the lattice distortion and dislocations induced by the mechanical interaction may have played a dominating role in the formation of the protrusive nanostructures on quartz surfaces. Further analysis reveals that during scratching, a contact pressure ranged from 0.4Py to Py (Py is the critical yield pressure of quartz) is apt to produce protuberant nanostructures on quartz under the given experimental conditions. Finally, it is of great interest to find that the protrusive nanostructures can be selectively dissolved in 20% KOH solution. Since the nanowords can be easily 'written' by friction-induced fabrication and 'erased' through selective etching on a quartz surface, this friction-induced method opens up new opportunities for future nanofabrication

Fabrication mechanism of friction-induced selective etching on Si(100) surface

As a maskless nanofabrication technique, friction-induced selective etching can easily produce nanopatterns on a Si(100) surface. Experimental results indicated that the height of the nanopatterns increased with the KOH etching time, while their width increased with the scratching load. It has also found that a contact pressure of 6.3 GPa is enough to fabricate a mask layer on the Si(100) surface. To understand the mechanism involved, the cross-sectional microstructure of a scratched area was examined, and the mask ability of the tip-disturbed silicon layer was studied. Transmission electron microscope observation and scanning Auger nanoprobe analysis suggested that the scratched area was covered by a thin superficial oxidation layer followed by a thick distorted (amorphous and deformed) layer in the subsurface. After the surface oxidation layer was removed by HF etching, the residual amorphous and deformed silicon layer on the scratched area can still serve as an etching mask in KOH solution. The results may help to develop a low-destructive, low-cost, and flexible nanofabrication technique suitable for machining of micro-mold and prototype fabrication in micro-systems