Perbandingan Perhitungan Trafik Jam Sibuk CDMA 2000 1x Pada BTS Inner City Dan BTS Outer City Dengan Mempergunakan Metode ADPH, TCBH, FDMH Dan FDMP

Cellular communication system is a wireless communication system where the subscriber can move within a wide network coverage. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a multiuser access technology that is each user uses a unique code contained in the access channel in the system. Calculation and determination of peak hours can be done by several methods such as: Average Daily Peak Hour (ADPH), Time Consistent Busy Hour (TCBH), Fixed Daily Measurement Hour (FDMH), Fixed Daily Measurement Period (FDMP). The effectiveness of the channel should be determined by occupancy both at inner city territory and outer city  territory location. Using design Erlang (Erl) for supply channel at Base Transceiver Station (BTS) that provided, BTS has a design Erlang of 369,83 Erl at inner city and it has a design Erlang of 241,8 Erl at outer city. Peak hour on the inner city occurred at 12:00 to 15:00, whereas the outer city of peak hour occurred at 18:00 to 21:00. Effectiveness value that determined by operator are : <20% = low occupancy (not effective), 21% to 69% = normal occupancy (effective), and > 70% = high occupancy (very effective). In this case occupancy values obtained in each method is between 21% to 69% which means effectiv

Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Olefination of <i>O</i>‑Acetyl Cyanohydrins

A practical palladium-catalyzed <i>ortho</i>-olefination of <i>O</i>-acetyl cyanohydrins assisted by synergetic directing groups has been developed. Thus, a range of olefinated <i>O</i>-acetyl cyanohydrins were synthesized in moderate to good yields. The reaction occurs efficiently with high regioselectivity and with a satisfactory tolerance of functional groups

Highly Transparent and Efficient Counter Electrode Using SiO₂/PEDOT–PSS Composite for Bifacial Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

A highly transparent and efficient counter electrode was facilely fabricated using SiO₂/poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly­(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT–PSS) inorganic/organic composite and used in bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The optical properties of SiO₂/PEDOT–PSS electrode can be tailored by the blending amount of SiO₂ and film thickness, and the incorporation of SiO₂ in PEDOT–PSS provides better transmission in the long wavelength range. Meanwhile, the SiO₂/PEDOT–PSS counter electrode shows a better electrochemical catalytic activity than PEDOT–PSS electrode for triiodide reduction, and the role of SiO₂ in the catalytic process is investigated. The bifacial DSC with SiO₂/PEDOT–PSS counter electrode achieves a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.61% under rear-side irradiation, which is about 83% of that obtained under front-side irradiation. Furthermore, the PCE of bifacial DSC can be significantly increased by adding a reflector to achieve bifacial irradiation, which is 39% higher than that under conventional front-side irradiation

Detection of CHOP mRNA expression.

<p>A) Representative RT-PCR of CHOP expression. CHOP mRNA expression was detected 3 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 7 days post surgery in the injury (Inj) and hUCBSC transplantation (Inj+SC) groups. B) Comparison of the band-pixel values of CHOP mRNA in injury and hUCBSC transplantation rats. ^*<i>p</i><0.001 <i>vs.</i> hUCBSC transplantation. N = 5.</p

Detection of TUNEL-positive cells.

<p>A) Representative TUNEL staining of normal retina, injured retina 7 days after injury, and hUCBSC-transplanted retinas 7 days after surgery. TUNEL-positive cells were seen in inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer. Arrows indicated the TUNEL-positive cells (Brown). ONL: outer nuclear layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; GCL: ganglion cell layer. B) TUNEL-positive cells counting in retina in RGC layer at different time points in injury and hUCBSC transplanted rats. N = 5. ^*<i>p</i><0.05, ^**<i>p</i><0.01 <i>vs</i>. 3 hrs. ^#<i>p</i><0.05, ^##<i>p</i><0.01 <i>vs</i>. injury group.</p

Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Intramolecular C–N Bond Formation: Access to Multisubstituted Dihydropyrroles

A palladium-catalyzed intramolecular amination of alkenes with retention of olefin functionalization was achieved under mild reaction conditions. In the presence of palladium catalyst, the tosyl-protected amine can directly couple with a double bond to provide versatile dihydropyrrole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields

Measurement of optic nerve function by F-VEP.

<p>A) F-VEP in normal eye. B) Representative F-VEP in eye injured for 1 hr, 21 days (C), and 28 days (D). E) Representative F-VEP in the hUCBSC-transplanted eyes for 1 hr, 21 days (F), and 28 days (G). H) The amplitude of F-VEP at different time points in injury and hUCBSC transplantation groups. I) Latency of F-VEP at different time points in injury and hUCBSC transplantation groups. N = 5.</p

Detection of retinal ganglion cells.

<p>A) Normal eye staining. ONL: outer nuclear layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; GCL: ganglion cell layer. B–E) Staining for injured (Inj) eyes at 3-day, 1-week, 2-week, and 4-week post injury, respectively. F–I) Staining for hUCBSC transplanted (Inj+SC) eyes at 3-day, 1-week, 2-week and 4-week post surgery, respectively. J) Comparison of RGC number. ^*<i>p</i><0.05, ^**<i>p</i><0.001 <i>vs</i>. injury group. N = 5. A scale bar measures 100 microns.</p

Detection of GRP78 mRNA expression.

<p>A) Representative RT-PCR of GRP78 expression. GRP78 mRNA expression was detected 3 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 7 days post surgery in the injury (Inj) and hUCBSC transplantation (Inj+SC) groups. B) Comparison of the band-pixel values of GRP78 mRNA in injury and hUCBSC transplantation rats. ^*<i>p</i><0.001 <i>vs</i>. injury group. N = 5.</p

B(C₆F₅)₃: A New Class of Strong and Bulky Lewis Acid for <i>Exo</i>-Selective Intermolecular Diels–Alder Reactions of Unreactive Acyclic Dienes with α,β-Enals

Lewis acid B­(C₆F₅)₃ catalyzed the Diels–Alder reactions of multisubstituted open-chain dienes and α,β-enals to afford the desired products with high <i>exo</i>-selectivities are reported. The substituent effect of the dienes and dienophiles on the product’s stereoselectivity was thoroughly investigated, and it was found that most of the desired <i>exo</i>-Diels–Alder products could be obtained in good yields and with high <i>exo</i>-stereoselectivities