8,591 research outputs found
Orientational correlations and the effect of spatial gradients in the equilibrium steady state of hard rods in 2D : A study using deposition-evaporation kinetics
Deposition and evaporation of infinitely thin hard rods (needles) is studied
in two dimensions using Monte Carlo simulations. The ratio of deposition to
evaporation rates controls the equilibrium density of rods, and increasing it
leads to an entropy-driven transition to a nematic phase in which both static
and dynamical orientational correlation functions decay as power laws, with
exponents varying continuously with deposition-evaporation rate ratio. Our
results for the onset of the power-law phase agree with those for a conserved
number of rods. At a coarse-grained level, the dynamics of the non-conserved
angle field is described by the Edwards-Wilkinson equation. Predicted relations
between the exponents of the quadrupolar and octupolar correlation functions
are borne out by our numerical results. We explore the effects of spatial
inhomogeneity in the deposition-evaporation ratio by simulations, entropy-based
arguments and a study of the new terms introduced in the free energy. The
primary effect is that needles tend to align along the local spatial gradient
of the ratio. A uniform gradient thus induces a uniformly aligned state, as
does a gradient which varies randomly in magnitude and sign, but acts only in
one direction. Random variations of deposition-evaporation rates in both
directions induce frustration, resulting in a state with glassy
characteristics.Comment: modified version, Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Self-organizing, two-temperature Ising model describing human segregation
A two-temperature Ising-Schelling model is introduced and studied for
describing human segregation. The self-organized Ising model with Glauber
kinetics simulated by M\"uller et al. exhibits a phase transition between
segregated and mixed phases mimicking the change of tolerance (local
temperature) of individuals. The effect of external noise is considered here as
a second temperature added to the decision of individuals who consider change
of accommodation. A numerical evidence is presented for a discontinuous phase
transition of the magnetization.Comment: 5 pages, 4 page
Critical behavior of colloid-polymer mixtures in random porous media
We show that the critical behavior of a colloid-polymer mixture inside a
random porous matrix of quenched hard spheres belongs to the universality class
of the random-field Ising model. We also demonstrate that random-field effects
in colloid-polymer mixtures are surprisingly strong. This makes these systems
attractive candidates to study random-field behavior experimentally.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Confinement Effects in Antiferromagnets
Phase equilibrium in confined Ising antiferromagnets was studied as a
function of the coupling (v) and a magnetic field (h) at the surfaces, in the
presence of an external field H. The ground state properties were calculated
exactly for symmetric boundary conditions and nearest-neighbor interactions,
and a full zero-temperature phase diagram in the plane v-h was obtained for
films with symmetry-preserving surface orientations. The ground-state analysis
was extended to the H-T plane using a cluster-variation free energy. The study
of the finite-T properties (as a function of v and h) reveals the close
interdependence between the surface and finite-size effects and, together with
the ground-state phase diagram, provides an integral picture of the confinement
in anisotropic antiferromagnets with surfaces that preserve the symmetry of the
order parameter.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, Accepted in Phys. Rev.
Non-monotonous crossover between capillary condensation and interface localisation/delocalisation transition in binary polymer blends
Within self-consistent field theory we study the phase behaviour of a
symmetric binary AB polymer blend confined into a thin film. The film surfaces
interact with the monomers via short range potentials. One surface attracts the
A component and the corresponding semi-infinite system exhibits a first order
wetting transition. The surface interaction of the opposite surface is varied
as to study the crossover from capillary condensation for symmetric surface
fields to the interface localisation/delocalisation transition for
antisymmetric surface fields. In the former case the phase diagram has a single
critical point close to the bulk critical point. In the latter case the phase
diagram exhibits two critical points which correspond to the prewetting
critical points of the semi-infinite system. The crossover between these
qualitatively different limiting behaviours occurs gradually, however, the
critical temperature and the critical composition exhibit a non-monotonic
dependence on the surface field.Comment: to appear in Europhys.Let
Adhesion-induced lateral phase separation of multi-component membranes: the effect of repellers and confinement
We present a theoretical study for adhesion-induced lateral phase separation
for a membrane with short stickers, long stickers and repellers confined
between two hard walls. The effects of confinement and repellers on lateral
phase separation are investigated. We find that the critical potential depth of
the stickers for lateral phase separation increases as the distance between the
hard walls decreases. This suggests confinement-induced or force-induced mixing
of stickers. We also find that stiff repellers tend to enhance, while soft
repellers tend to suppress adhesion-induced lateral phase separation
Accelerated Sampling of Boltzmann distributions
The sampling of Boltzmann distributions by stochastic Markov processes, can
be strongly limited by the crossing time of high (free) energy barriers. As a
result, the system may stay trapped in metastable states, and the relaxation
time to the equilibrium Boltzmann distribution may be very large compared to
the available computational time. In this paper, we show how, by a simple
modification of the Hamiltonian, one can dramatically decrease the relaxation
time of the system, while retaining the same equilibrium distribution. The
method is illustrated on the case of the one-dimensional double-well potential
Orthorhombic Phase of Crystalline Polyethylene: A Monte Carlo Study
In this paper we present a classical Monte Carlo simulation of the
orthorhombic phase of crystalline polyethylene, using an explicit atom force
field with unconstrained bond lengths and angles and periodic boundary
conditions. We used a recently developed algorithm which apart from standard
Metropolis local moves employs also global moves consisting of displacements of
the center of mass of the whole chains in all three spatial directions as well
as rotations of the chains around an axis parallel to the crystallographic
c-direction. Our simulations are performed in the NpT ensemble, at zero
pressure, and extend over the whole range of temperatures in which the
orthorhombic phase is experimentally known to be stable (10 - 450 K). In order
to investigate the finite-size effects in this extremely anisotropic crystal,
we used different system sizes and different chain lengths, ranging from C_12
to C_96 chains, the total number of atoms in the super-cell being between 432
and 3456. We show here the results for structural parameters, such as the
orthorhombic cell parameters a,b,c, and the setting angle of the chains, as
well as internal parameters of the chains, such as the bond lengths and angles.
Among thermodynamic quantities, we present results for thermal expansion
coefficients, elastic constants and specific heat. We discuss the temperature
dependence of the measured quantities as well as the related finite-size
effects. In case of lattice parameters and thermal expansion coefficients, we
compare our results to those obtained from other theoretical approaches as well
as to some available experimental data. We also suggest some possible ways of
extending this study.Comment: 27 pages, RevTex, 24 figures, submitted to Journal of Chemical
Physic
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