Neutron Hole States of Mo-99

Journals published by the American Physical Society can be found at http://publish.aps.org

Brain Metastases in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Case Report and Literature Review

Background and purpose: Brain metastasis is a relatively uncommon event in the natural history of soft tissue sarcomas. The increasing use of chemotherapy may have caused a reduction in local relapses as well as distant failures leading to an improvement in survival, thereby allowing metachronous seeding of the brain, a sanctuary site. The purpose of this report is to increase awareness amongst clinicians regarding such a possibility

Annotating Whole Genome Sequencing in COSMIC (The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer)

"COSMIC, the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer":http://www.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic is designed to store and display somatic mutation information relating to human cancers, combining detailed information on publications, samples and mutation types. The information is curated both from the primary literature and the laboratories at the Cancer Genome Project, Sanger Institute, UK, and then semi-automatically entered into the COSMIC database. The v47 release (May 2010) contained the curation of 9202 papers describing 116,977 mutations across 466,851 samples. In order to provide consistent annotation of the data, COSMIC has developed a classification system for cancer histology and tissue ontology, and adapted HGVS mutation nomenclature recommendations to describe the multiple mutation types involved in cancer. 

Cancer genetics is moving from systematic screens of candidate gene sets to whole genome sequencing analyses, and COSMIC displays and navigates this new data; we have recently included systematic gene screens and whole genome sequencing studies. COSMIC will annotate and display somatic mutation data that will be emerging from the "International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC)":http://www.icgc.org/ and "The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)":http://cancergenome.nih.gov/ projects. New tools are being developed to interpret this genomic data with coding mutation annotations. In addition COSMIC will be expanded to curate and display data from mouse insertional mutagenesis screening and mouse cancer model exome/genome sequencing in the future. The data within COSMIC is freely available without restriction via a website, in datasheets on the "FTP site":ftp://ftp.sanger.ac.uk/pub/CGP/cosmic and through the "COSMIC Biomart":http://www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/cosmic/biomart/martview/, available from the "COSMIC homepage":http://www.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic 
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TOpic: rare and special cases, the real "Strange cases"

Introduction: The bladder hernia represents approximately 1-3% of all inguinal hernias, where patients aged more than 50 years have a higher incidence (10%). Many factors contribute to the development of a bladder hernia, including the presence of a urinary outlet obstruction causing chronic bladder distention, the loss of bladder tone, pericystitis, the perivesical bladder fat protrusion and the obesity

Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC): a Resource for Therapeutic Biomarker Discovery in Cancer Cells

Alterations in cancer genomes strongly influence clinical responses to treatment and in many instances are potent biomarkers for response to drugs. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database (www.cancerRxgene.org) is the largest public resource for information on drug sensitivity in cancer cells and molecular markers of drug response. Data are freely available without restriction. GDSC currently contains drug sensitivity data for almost 75 000 experiments, describing response to 138 anticancer drugs across almost 700 cancer cell lines. To identify molecular markers of drug response, cell line drug sensitivity data are integrated with large genomic datasets obtained from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database, including information on somatic mutations in cancer genes, gene amplification and deletion, tissue type and transcriptional data. Analysis of GDSC data is through a web portal focused on identifying molecular biomarkers of drug sensitivity based on queries of specific anticancer drugs or cancer genes. Graphical representations of the data are used throughout with links to related resources and all datasets are fully downloadable. GDSC provides a unique resource incorporating large drug sensitivity and genomic datasets to facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic biomarkers for cancer therapies

COSMIC: mining complete cancer genomes in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer

COSMIC (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic) curates comprehensive information on somatic mutations in human cancer. Release v48 (July 2010) describes over 136 000 coding mutations in almost 542 000 tumour samples; of the 18 490 genes documented, 4803 (26%) have one or more mutations. Full scientific literature curations are available on 83 major cancer genes and 49 fusion gene pairs (19 new cancer genes and 30 new fusion pairs this year) and this number is continually increasing. Key amongst these is TP53, now available through a collaboration with the IARC p53 database. In addition to data from the Cancer Genome Project (CGP) at the Sanger Institute, UK, and The Cancer Genome Atlas project (TCGA), large systematic screens are also now curated. Major website upgrades now make these data much more mineable, with many new selection filters and graphics. A Biomart is now available allowing more automated data mining and integration with other biological databases. Annotation of genomic features has become a significant focus; COSMIC has begun curating full-genome resequencing experiments, developing new web pages, export formats and graphics styles. With all genomic information recently updated to GRCh37, COSMIC integrates many diverse types of mutation information and is making much closer links with Ensembl and other data resources

Data mining using the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer BioMart

Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic) is a publicly available resource providing information on somatic mutations implicated in human cancer. Release v51 (January 2011) includes data from just over 19 000 genes, 161 787 coding mutations and 5573 gene fusions, described in more than 577 000 tumour samples. COSMICMart (COSMIC BioMart) provides a flexible way to mine these data and combine somatic mutations with other biological relevant data sets. This article describes the data available in COSMIC along with examples of how to successfully mine and integrate data sets using COSMICMart