ACE2 and LOX enzyme inhibitions of different lavender essential oils and major components linalool and camphor

In this present study, Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula stoechas, and Lavandula x heterophylla essential oils and their main compounds linalool and camphor were evaluated in vitro for lipoxygenase enzyme (LOX) and for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibition potential. The chemical compositions of L. angustifolia, L. stoechas, and L. heterophylla essential oils were confirmed both by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, where 22.4, 0.9, and 30.6% linalool and 17.8, 54.7, and 15% camphor were identified for each oil among other components, respectively. Enzyme inhibitory activity studies were performed at 20 mu g/mL for the tested essential oils, whereas for linalool and camphor concentrations, 5 mu g/mL was used. The ACE2 inhibitions of L. angustifolia, L. stoechas, and L. heterophylla essential oils were 25.4, 34.1, and 27.1%, while the LOX inhibitions were observed as 79, 49.1, and 86.7%, respectively. In addition, linalool and camphor showed remarkable ACE2 inhibition with 77.1 and 85.1%, whereas the LOX inhibition was observed at 92 and 67.2%, respectively. In conclusion of the initial findings, further detailed in vivo studies are needed to confirm the safe use.Anadolu University Scientific Research Projects Commissio

In vitro antiviral evaluations of coldmix(R): An essential oil blend against SARS-CoV-2

Coldmix® is a commercially available Eucalyptus aetheroleum and, Abies aetheroleum blend for medicinal applications. In this present study, the in vitro antiviral potential of Coldmix®, and its major constituents 1,8-cineole and α-pinene were evaluated by using the in vitro ACE2 enzyme inhibition assay as well as the direct contact test against SARS-CoV-2. The observed ACE2 enzyme inhibitory activity of Coldmix®, 1,8-cineole, and α-pinene were 72%, 88%, and 80%, respectively; whereas in the direct contact test in the vapor phase, the destruction of the virus was 79.9% within 5 min and 93.2% in the 30th min, respectively. In a similar Coldmix® vapor phase setup using the in vitro cytotoxicity cell assay, E6 VERO healthy cells were experimentally not affected by toxicity. According to the promising initial antiviral results of Coldmix® and the individually tested constituents, detailed further in vivo evaluation using different virus classes is suggested

Physical And Dosimetric Properties Of The Applicators Used In Cervix Cancer Brachytherapy: Icru 89 Recommendations

When radiation therapy is the primary choice of the curative treatment, brachytherapy plays a crucial role in the therapeutic management of cervix cancer. Brachytherapy techniques and the selection of - suitable applicator primarily depend on the patients' anatomy and extension or location of the disease. In addition to applicator selection, technical adequacy of the brachytherapy implant and treatment conditions like simulation or treatment protocol (rectum and bladder fullness), packing, use of rectal spacer or rectal retractor significantly affect the quality of the brachytherapy treatment. This review provides an overview of the dosimetric and physical properties of the brachytherapy applicators used in treating cervix cancer with the guidance of ICRU 89.WoSScopu

Vajinal Kaf Brakiterapi Uygulamaları için Yoğunluk Ayarlı Aplikatör Tasarımı: Dozimetrik Fizibilite Çalışması

Depending on technological advances in radiotherapy, the use of three-dimensional (3D) treatment planning in brachytherapy (BRT) applications has provided a great advantage in terms of efficacy of treatment in gynecological patients. In this study, it was aimed to design intensity modulated (IM) vaginal cuff applicator which allows IM-BRT applications in gynecologic patients who require vaginal cuff BRT. Applicator, quality assurance phantom and auxiliary fixation devices were modeled in “Sketchup” drawing program and print out from “MakerBot Replicator Z18” 3D printer. The quality control (QC) tests conducted with the aim of testing the clinical use of applicator was carried out in Varian GammaMed Plus iX BRT device and treatment planning simulation processes were performed in BrachyVision treatment planning system (TPS) used in Hacettepe University Department of Radiation Oncology. When the measurement results were analyzed, it was observed that measurements performed in homogenous medium for different measurement conditions were compatible with TPS within 4% differences in point dose measurement. Furthermore, in 2D dosimetry, the number of passing point was found greater than %90 for all measurements using gamma evaluation criteria of 3 mm distance-to-agreement (DTA) and 3% dose difference (DD). In mechanical QC tests it was found that the designed applicator had a positioning accuracy less than 1 mm. In the next stage, prospective studies are planned in an appropriate patient group so that the clinical effectiveness of the applicator can be evaluated.Radyoterapi alanındaki teknolojik ilerlemelere bağlı olarak brakiterapi (BRT) uygulamalarında üç boyutlu (3B) tedavi planlamasına geçilmesi jinekolojik hastalarda da tedavinin etkinliği açısından büyük avantaj sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında ise vajinal kaf BRT’si gereken jinekolojik hastalarda 3B-BRT uygulamalarından yoğunluk ayarlı BRT (YA-BRT) uygulamalarına geçişin sağlanabileceği yeni YA vajinal kaf aplikatörün tasarlanması ve 3B baskı teknolojisi kullanılarak üretilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Aplikatör, kalite kontrol fantomu ve yardımcı fiksasyon araçları “SketchUp” çizim programında modellenerek “MakerBot Replicator Z18” 3B yazıcıdan çıktısı alınmıştır. Aplikatörlerin klinikte kullanımını test etmek amacı ile yapılan kalite kontrol testleri Hacettepe Üniversitesi Radyasyon Onkolojisi Anabilim Dalı’nda kullanılmakta olan Varian GammaMed Plus iX BRT cihazında gerçekleştirilmiş olup, tedavi planlama simülasyonu işlemlerinde BrachyVision tedavi planlama sistemi (TPS) kullanılmıştır. Ölçüm sonuçları analiz edildiğinde homojem ortamda farklı ölçüm koşullarında yapılan nokta doz ölçümlerinin TPS ile %4 içerisinde uyumlu olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca 2B doz ölçümlerinde gama analizi değerlendirme kriteri olan 3 mm doz uyum mesafesi (DUM) ve %3 doz farkı (DF) referans alındığında tüm ölçümler için geçen nokta sayısı %90’ın üzerinde bulunmuştur. Mekanik kalite kontrol testlerinde ise tasarlanan aplikatörün 1 mm altında kaynak pozisyonlandırma hassasiyetine sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Bir sonraki aşamada aplikatörün klinik etkinliğinin de değerlendirilebilmesi için uygun hasta grubunda prospektif çalışmaların yapılması planlanmaktadır

In vitro ACE2 and 5-LOX inhibition of rosmarinus officinalis l. essential oil and its major component 1,8-cineole

In this present study, Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil, and its major component 1,8-cineole was evaluated in vitro for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as well as for 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme inhibitory activity. The essential oil composition was confirmed both by GC-FID and GC/MS, where 1,8-cineole (62.7%), alpha-pinene (12.6 %), and camphor (8.3 %) were identified as the main constituents. Activity studies were performed at concentrations of 20 mu g/mL for essential oil, and 5 mu g/mL for the major compound 1,8-cineole, which were compared experimentally with standards. The essential oil was evaluated using a fluorometric multiplate based enzyme inhibition kit, where the ACE2 inhibition of Rosmarinus aetheroleum was 20%, while the 5-LOX inhibition was observed as 81.1%, respectively. In addition, the major constituent 1,8-cineole also showed remarkable ACE2 inhibition with 89.2%, and 5-LOX inhibition with 37.2%, respectively. As a result, the cineole chemotype rosemary essential oil, and its major constituent 1,8-cineol may have antiviral potential applications against coronaviruses due to ACE2 enzyme inhibition with anti-inflammatory effects. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of essential oils and their constituents.Anadolu Universit

Evaluation Of Secondary Malignancy Risk Due To The Whole Body Computerized Tomography Simulation In Radiotherapy Facilities

Nowadays, the use of computed tomography (CT) simulation is getting widespread with the use of new treatment modalities like three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), adaptive radiotherapy (ART) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in radiotherapy facilities. The main purpose of these new treatment modalities are to increase the survival and increase the quality of life by reducing the side effects. However, radiation induced secondary malignancy risk is getting important after radiotherapy with the increase in survival. Especially, CT scanning was performed from head to sacral region for 3D-CRT craniospinal treatments techniques in children or young patients and several precautions should be taken to reduce the radiation dose due to the CT simulation. In this study, we measured organ equivalent dose in Alderson Rando phantom and we estimate radiation-induced cancer risk due to CT scanning for different conditions. According to our measurement, secondary malignancy risk was found to be between 0.10% - 0.22% for different conditions in craniospinal CT simulation.WoSScopu

The synthesis, antimicrobial activity studies, and molecular property predictions of novel benzothiazole-2-thione derivatives

Benzothiazoles and 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles are important classes of bioactive organic scaffolds possessing antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, antiinflamma-tory, antidiabetic, and antimalarial properties. In recent years, prediction of drug-likeness, molecular, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties using in silico techniques has become a standard procedure for the evaluation of molecules in terms of their potential clinical use. In this study, compounds structured 6-benzoyl-3-substitutedmethylbenzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thione were synthesized using the Mannich reaction starting from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these compounds were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Candida parapisilosis using a broth microdilution method. An additional analysis was undertaken using the in silico technique to predict the drug-likeness, molecular, and ADME properties of these molecules. Among all the compounds, respectively, Compounds 1-4 and 6-11 exhibited good minimum inhibition concentration values against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species with promising predicted properties

In vitro ACE2 and 5-LOX enzyme inhibition by menthol and three different mint essential oils

Mentha arvensis L., M. citrata L., and M. spicata L. (family Lamiaceae) essential oils, and their characteristic constituent, menthol, were evaluated in vitro for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme inhibitory activity. The chemical compositions of M. arvensis, M. citrata, and M. spicata essential oils were analysed both by GC-FID, and GC/MS; 82.0%, 38.1%, and 0.4% menthol were identified, respectively. M. spicata essential oil contained 88.2% carvone as its major component. The enzyme inhibitory activities of the essential oils were evaluated using a fluorometric multiplate based enzyme inhibition kit; the ACE2 inhibitions produced by M. arvensis, M. citrata, and M. spicata essential oils were 33%, 22%, and 73%, while the 5-LOX inhibitions were 84%, 79%, and 70%, respectively. In addition, menthol also showed remarkable ACE2 inhibition of 99.8%, whereas the 5-LOX inhibition was 79.9%. As a result, menthol and the three different mint essential oils may have antiviral potential applications against coronaviruses due to their ACE2 enzyme inhibition and anti-inflammatory features. However, further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy.Anadolu Universit