HIGH FLOW NASAL OXYGEN THERAPY (HFNO) IN OPPOSITION TO NON-INVASIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION (NIV) ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND THEIR USE IN COVID-19 INFECTION: BRIEF REVIEW

In the last few decades, different devices for oxygen application have become available, such as low flow systems, high flow systems (HFNO), and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). They are widely applicable and have many advantages as well as disadvantages. HFNO modalities decrease dead space, improve alveolar ventilation, and apply oxygen up to 60l / min, delivering it humidified and heated opposite NIV, which increases anatomical dead space, maintains adequate minute ventilation, and is used in more conditions than HFNO, etc. In our research, we included 12 articles. The study was conducted using literature published up from 2013 to July 2020. In our research we used following keywords: 'non-invasive ventilation', 'high-flow nasal oxygen', 'advantages', 'disadvantages', 'COVID-19'. The HFNO system appears to be more successful than standard oxygen treatment and non-inferior to NIV. It is simple, easy to apply but still insufficiently researched. More research is needed in the future on the benefits and disadvantages of the HFNO system

SEVERE PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY ANTIPSIHOTIC DRUGS-WHAT DOES NOT SUIT, THE PATIENT OR THE DRUG?

Introduction: Antipsychotic drugs are generally categorized as typical antipsychotics (sometimes referred to as first-generation or conventional antipsychotics, or neuroleptics) and atypical antipsychotics; both are approved for the treatment of acute and chronic psychoses (i.e, schizophrenia), mania, agitation, and other psychiatric disorders. In 2005 the US Food and Drug Administration issued a warning about the increased risk of all-cause mortality associated with atypical antipsychotic use in elderly patients with dementia. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) was one of the most frequently reported causes of death. The same warning was extended to typical antipsychotics in 2008 with extension to people with or without dementia. Case report: We present a 65-year-old Caucasian woman who was admitted to hospital due to massive pneumonia. She was suffered forschisophrenia15-years and at moment of admission she was in remission. She had continuously high fever up to 40 degrees. All collected cultures (blood, sputum, urine,smear of aspirating catheter) were negative. She was treated with various antibiotics without improvement. After changing antipsychotic drugs, she showed slow improvement until total recovery after 3 months. Discussion and conclusion: Antipsychotic-associated CAP seems to be a clinically relevant issue in frail elderly patients, as consistently documented in several epidemiologic investigations. No clear evidence exists for an increased risk of pneumonia in younger patients treated with antipsychotics. In elderly populations, the increase in risk is dose-dependent, and is more pronounced in the early phases of treatment. Future studies should better define the mechanism underlying antipsychotic-induced pneumonia and identify subgroups of antipsychotic users at higher risk of developing pneumonia

RARE MALIGNANT SKIN TUMOURS OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Introduction: Malignant skin tumors in the majority of cases arise from the squamous epithelium, although they may occur in other accompanying skin structures, such as skin adnexa (hair follicle, sweat and sebaceous glands), as well as soft tissues participating in the building of skin structure, such as muscles, fibrous, fatty tissue and cartilagе. Those tumors may also have a neuroendocrine origin or may arise from a premalignant lesion (solar keratosis and lentigo maligna). Regardless of their origin, they usually present as a nodule or longstanding, non-healing ulceration. Their early recognition enhances the treatment results and decreases the possibility of complications (invasion of deeper tissue structures and occurrence of regional and distant metastases). Material and methods: Our retrospective study included 100 patients of both sexes surgically treated for skin malignancy in the Department for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial surgery of the Clinical Hospital Centre “Zemun” , Belgrade, Serbia. The goal of this paper is to highlight the frequency of rare malignant tumors compared to the more frequent ones and consider the most appropriate clinical-diagnostic approach as well as the treatment modality for the patient. Conclusion: Our study has shown that the most frequent tumor of the head and neck skin is basal cell carcinoma

TUBERCULOUS PLEURAL EFFUSION IN THE PREVIOUSLY HEALTHY MAN-CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Introduction: Although pleural effusion is a common clinical manifestation, the differential diagnosis of the cause of the pleural effusion is often challenging, especially in the early differentiation of tuberculous pleurisy (TP) from other pleural effusion. Case report: We present a previously healthy man who had no contagious or TB contact but developed massive tuberculous pleural effusion which eventually was unexpected tuberculous. He started with therapy per protocol and feeling well. The purpose of this case and review of literature was to remind the physicians that tuberculosis is not a sickening illness, but on the contrary, it is in the expansion. Discussion: When a patient presents with new pleural effusion, the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis should be considered. The patient is at great risk for developing pulmonary or extra pulmonary TB if the diagnosis is not made properly. Between 3% and 25% of patients with TB will have TB pleuritic or more in immunocompromised patients.The treatment for TB pleuritis is the same as that for pulmonary TB. Conclusion:The gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion remains the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural fluid, or pleural biopsy specimens, either by microscopy and/or culture, or the histological demonstration of caseating granulomas in the pleura along with acid fast bacilli

Is Economic Theory, Presented in Basic Academic Textbooks, Applicable to the Digital Economy?

With the aim of improving modern methods for educating economists, the authors in this paper impose the following topics: What do we want to teach students, and do we teach them the right things? How transformative are our fundamental textbook bases to offer the new knowledge that the digital economy imposes? Bearing in mind previous questions, the aim of this paper is to highlight the gap that exists between economic theory and economic practice in terms of insufficient theoretical scope of the digital economy (DE) and its study, and DE’s increasing participation in global practice as an economy based on innovation and new technologies. In the analysis, the authors concentrate on two levels: (1) they analyse the specifics of DE and in that context, they evaluate the applicability of traditional economic theory; (2) they review the representation of DE in university textbooks. Based on the results, the authors conclude that DE possesses specific attributes, and it is necessary to include these as mandatory lessons in university textbooks on the level of basic studies. They suggest some areas for which economic theory should be better explained and supplemented in future research (proposing appropriate guidelines for future efforts in theoretical work). Moreover, through a systematic literature review, the authors approach 90 basic university textbooks in economics and by analysing their content, they prove that DE is not sufficiently represented in them. The results of the paper suggest that economics textbooks, and thus the curricula of basic studies, should be supplemented with chapters on the digital economy, which will affect the modernization and adequacy of theory with practice

Morphological, Chemical and Molecular Characterization of ‘Old olive’ (Olea europaea L.) from Montenegro

ABSTRACT Thousands of years of tradition of olive cultivation in Montenegro is witnessed with the ‘Old olive’ estimated to be more than 2000 years old. ‘Old olive’ draws attention to its genetic potential and the relation to the closest grown olive cultivars. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to give the basic description of ‘Old olive’ (through 20 morphological and 37 chemical properties) as well as to determine its DNA profile and to examine the closeness with major olive cultivar grown, cv. ‘Žutica’. The obtained data showed the differences between examined samples. ‘Old olive’ started flowering (27. May) more than 10 days later than cv. ‘Žutica’ (14. May), and began ripening 15 days later (20th October and 5th October, respectively). From 21 morphological parameters analysed all traits of fruit (weight 2.11g in ‘Old olive’ and 3.55g in cv. ‘Žutica’), and inflorescence density (6.39 versus 5.55) showed very significant and significant differences, respectively. The chemical properties also showed very significant differences in olive oil content in the fresh (11.28 versus 19.68%) and dry matter (27.97 versus 47.78%), and significant differences in the content of linolenic acid (0.76 versus 0.54g/100 of FA and of campesterol (3.4 versus 3.1%). Three out of eleven SSR markers (DCA05, DCA09, DCA16) distinguished obtained DNA fragments, and showed as important tool in differentiation of two samples. Further study of the ‘Old olive’ as a living memory of olive cultivation in Montenegro, should be to examine its relation with other ancient olive trees and local varieties

Is Economic Theory, Presented in Basic Academic Textbooks, Applicable to the Digital Economy?

With the aim of improving modern methods for educating economists, the authors in this paper impose the following topics: What do we want to teach students, and do we teach them the right things? How transformative are our fundamental textbook bases to offer the new knowledge that the digital economy imposes? Bearing in mind previous questions, the aim of this paper is to highlight the gap that exists between economic theory and economic practice in terms of insufficient theoretical scope of the digital economy (DE) and its study, and DE’s increasing participation in global practice as an economy based on innovation and new technologies. In the analysis, the authors concentrate on two levels: (1) they analyse the specifics of DE and in that context, they evaluate the applicability of traditional economic theory; (2) they review the representation of DE in university textbooks. Based on the results, the authors conclude that DE possesses specific attributes, and it is necessary to include these as mandatory lessons in university textbooks on the level of basic studies. They suggest some areas for which economic theory should be better explained and supplemented in future research (proposing appropriate guidelines for future efforts in theoretical work). Moreover, through a systematic literature review, the authors approach 90 basic university textbooks in economics and by analysing their content, they prove that DE is not sufficiently represented in them. The results of the paper suggest that economics textbooks, and thus the curricula of basic studies, should be supplemented with chapters on the digital economy, which will affect the modernization and adequacy of theory with practice