Integrated management approaches for controlling lesser clover leaf weevils in red clover for seed production.

Non-Peer ReviewedSingle-cut red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage seed crop in Western Canada due to its winter hardiness and economical value. However, infestation of lesser clover leaf weevil (LCLW) (Hypera nigrirostris F.) in red clover fields can lead to drastic yield losses (up to 80%). Moreover, limited data is available to support relationships of clover stand density and pest pressure. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of different insecticidal materials in controlling LCLW and their impacts on the pollinator community, along with determining an optimal seeding rate for seed production. Four different insecticide methods Decis (Deltamethrin), Exirel (Cyantraniliprole), Voliam Xpress (Lambda-cyhalothrin & chlorantraniliprole) and untreated control, were compared for control of LCLW. Six different seeding rates (0.5, 2.5, 4.5, 6.5, 8.5, 10.5 kg/ha) are being compared for the b est seed yield over three years experiment. Pest pressure data on the LCLW in red clover fields was tracked over the 2018 and 2019 growing season in five locations, mostly in North Saskatchewan. Concentration of red clover fields and consequently red clover pests were greater in northern SK. The preliminary analysis suggests that both Decis, Exirel and Voliam Xpress can significantly reduce the LCLW larvae pressure in comparison with the control. All chemicals tend to suppress LCLW numbers from 1 to 6 days after treatment. In contrast, LCLW larvae numbers increase in 12 days after Exirel treatment whereas in Decis and Voliam Xpress the pressure remains constantly low. Rearing LCLW larvae on treated plants in lab conditions showed similar results in 10 days

Physiological Characteristics and Strategies to Improve Salt Tolerance in Alfalfa

Non-Peer ReviewedThere are 6 million ha of cropland affected by soil salinity in Canada. Alfalfa is not only an important forage legume to the Canadian beef and forage industries, but also is the candidate legume for reclamation of saline areas. We investigated physiological and genetic variations of salt tolerant ‘Halo’ and salt intolerant ‘Vernal’ alfalfa cultivars in five gradients of salt stresses (Electrical conductivities of 0 dS m-1- 16 dS m-1) in a sand based hydroponic system. Elements and organic compounds in different tissues were studied at the Canadian Light Source. RNA-Seq analysis of leaf and root tissues of ‘Halo’ and ‘Vernal’ alfalfa were studied at three time points after salt treatment at 12 dS m-1. ‘Halo’ showed significantly greater germination percentage and seed vigor than ‘Vernal’ at higher salt level, but no difference was found at lower salt gradients. The leaf and stem tissue of ‘Halo’ had higher amide concentration than ‘Vernal’ at all salt gradients. This study identified 14 (leaf) and 9 (root) candidate genes consistently expressed in ‘Halo’ under salt stress, indicating potential genes for marker development. In addition, a number of new salt tolerant breeding lines were developed under this project. Future research includes testing of possible beneficial interactions between alfalfa populations and halophile bacteria that could help mitigate salt stress on the plant. Link to Video Presentation: https://youtu.be/QGpr13PKGg

Pendaftaran Peralihan Hak Milik Atas Tanah Karena Jual Beli Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pendaftaran Tanah Dalam Mewujudkan Kepastian Hukum Di Kota Tegal

Registration of transfer of ownership of land for sale based on government regulation number 24 year 1997 concerning registration of land in realizing legal certainly in town Tegal is title in my thesis. In thie thesis formulated whether the registration of the transfer of ownership of land for sale and purchase under the government regulation number 24 year 1997 on land registration has realized legal certainly ? of course, this thesis is made to study, to know, to examine, and to analyze wheter the registration of transfer of ownership of land for sale based on government regulation number 24 year 1997 concerning registration of land in city Tegal has realized legal certainly. Based on the result of this study registration the transfer of ownership of land for sale and purchase under the government regulation number 24 year 1997 about land registration has realized legal certainly in the Tegal city. Legal certainly due to the sale and purchase of ownership of the land is obtained after making the deed of sale and purchase before the official of the deed of land certificatewhich subsequentlycarried out registration of transfer of ownership rights to the land at the local land office so that identity of the land concerned has changed from the old owner to the new owner. Thus the new land owner protected his interests in performing legal act of buying and selling land

Supplemental file 3 4 5.fasta

<p><em>Supplemental file 3 De novo</em> assembly of clean read</p><p>Supplemental file 4 The sequences of the 105,222 genes</p><p>Supplemental file 4, 5  The annotation of the 105,222 genes</p

Effect of harvest date and frequency on aspen ricegrass (Oryzopsis asperifolia) and cream-colored vetchling (Lathyrus ochroleucus) in the boreal transition ecoregion of Saskatchewan

Foster A. and Biligetu B. 2018. Effect of harvest date and frequency on aspen ricegrass (Oryzopsis asperifolia) and cream-colored vetchling (Lathyrus ochroleucus) in the boreal transition ecoregion of Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. xxx. Aspen forest communities of Saskatchewan, Canada support a significant cattle population. The objectives of this study were to determine the seasonal forage dry matter (DM) accumulation and evaluate repeated annual defoliation on DM yield (DMY) of aspen ricegrass (Oryzopsis asperifolia) and cream-colored vetchling (Lathyrus ochroleucus) in the Boreal transition ecoregion of east central Saskatchewan. The experimental design was a randomized completed block with five replicates. Seasonal DMY of aspen ricegrass (PThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Effect of Sodium Chloride Salt on Germination, Growth, and Elemental Composition of Alfalfa Cultivars with Different Tolerances to Salinity

The aim of this study was to evaluate physiological responses and elemental composition of three salt tolerant alfalfa (Medicagosativa L.) cultivars, &lsquo;Halo&rsquo;, &lsquo;Bridgeview&rsquo;, &lsquo;Rugged&rsquo;, and two intolerant cultivars &lsquo;Rangelander&rsquo; and &lsquo;Vernal&rsquo; under five salinity levels (0 dSm&minus;1, 4 dSm&minus;1, 8 dSm&minus;1, 12 dSm&minus;1 and 16 dSm&minus;1) in a sand based hydroponic system in the greenhouse. The germination percentage among the cultivars was highest for &lsquo;Halo&rsquo; under salt stress. &lsquo;Rugged&rsquo; and &lsquo;Halo&rsquo; had higher seed vigor than the other cultivars in 16 dSm&minus;1 EC. Among the alfalfa cultivars, &lsquo;Rugged&rsquo; had the highest chlorophyll content at 0&ndash;12 dSm&minus;1 EC. There was variation for root (p = 0.01) and shoot (p = 0.03) biomass among the alfalfa cultivars. Salt stress reduced (p &lt; 0.001) plant height and shoot biomass, with 4.2% and 7.9% reduction for each 1 dS m&minus;1 increase, respectively. Shoot biomass showed a positive correlation with plant height (p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.80), chlorophyll content (p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.56), root biomass (p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.51), but was not correlated with seed vigor. This study demonstrated that seed vigor in the germination stage can not be used to predict salt tolerance of alfalfa at mature growth stages, however plant height and leaf chlorophyll content can serve as physiological markers for high shoot biomass selection at mature growth stages under salt stress

Annual ryegrass and Festulolium as companion crops in the establishment of perennial forage crops

Annual companion crops are often used in new seedings of perennial forages in western Canada. Fast establishing grasses that do not overwinter in this region have potential as companion crops to increase seeding year yields without reducing perennial forage establishment. Trials were seeded in two different years at Saskatoon and Melfort in the Dark Brown and Black soil zones, respectively. Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were seeded in pure stands and mixtures with or without an annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) or Festulolium (Lolium x Festuca) companion crop at two seeding rates. Forage dry matter (DM) yield in the establishment year was increased with annual ryegrass companion crops compared to no companion crop regardless of seeding rate, but was increased only with the higher rate of Festulolium at Saskatoon. Despite using low companion crop seeding rates, stand densities of most of the perennial forage stands were lower than with no companion crop at Saskatoon, but in Melfort, most stand densities did not differ. The annual ryegrass companion crop reduced yields the year after seeding at both sites, while the Festulolium also reduced yields, but not at Melfort for the lower companion crop seeding rate. DM yields were usually not different between companion and no companion crop treatments in the second year after seeding and for three year total yields. The use of these companion crops increased the percentage of the three year total yield produced in the seeding year.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Agro-morphology and forage nutritive value of white prairie clover (Dalea candida (Michx.) Willd.) populations native to Canadian prairies

White prairie clover (Dalea candida (Michx.) Willd.) is native to the dry prairies and hillsides of the Northern Great Plains. A study was initiated in 2012 with six white prairie clover populations collected from the Canadian Prairies. Plant growth characteristics, forage biomass, seed yield and forage nutritive values were evaluated using randomized complete block design in a field near Swift Current, SK, Canada. Three populations from Argyle, Carlowrie and Big Grass Marsh (NCP588) of Manitoba displayed erect-type growth while those from Douglas Provincial Park and Stewart Valley of Saskatchewan and Writing on Stone Provincial Park of Alberta exhibited prostrate growth. The populations did not differ for mean biomass yield (79 - 104 g plant-1; P = 0.54) and mean seed yield (6.6 - 9.1 g plant-1; P = 0.69). However, they differed for bloom stage nutritional parameters such as acid detergent fibre (25 - 30%; P = 0.04), neutral detergent fibre (34 - 41%; PThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Morphological, Physiological, and Genetic Responses to Salt Stress in Alfalfa: A Review

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important legume forage crop. However, its genetic improvement for salt tolerance is challenging, as alfalfa&rsquo;s response to salt stress is genetically and physiologically complex. A review was made to update the knowledge of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of alfalfa plants to salt stress, and to discuss the potential of applying modern plant technologies to enhance alfalfa salt-resistant breeding, including genomic selection, RNA-Seq analysis, and cutting-edge Synchrotron beamlines. It is clear that alfalfa salt tolerance can be better characterized, genes conditioning salt tolerance be identified, and new marker-based tools be developed to accelerate alfalfa breeding for salt tolerance

Genotyping-by-Sequencing Enhances Genetic Diversity Analysis of Crested Wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.]

Molecular characterization of unsequenced plant species with complex genomes is now possible by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) using recent next generation sequencing technologies. This study represents the first use of GBS application to sample genome-wide variants of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.] and assess the genetic diversity present in 192 genotypes from 12 tetraploid lines. Bioinformatic analysis identified 45,507 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in this outcrossing grass species. The model-based Bayesian analysis revealed four major clusters of the samples assayed. The diversity analysis revealed 15.8% of SNP variation residing among the 12 lines, and 12.1% SNP variation present among four genetic clusters identified by the Bayesian analysis. The principal coordinates analysis and dendrogram were able to distinguish four lines of Asian origin from Canadian cultivars and breeding lines. These results serve as a valuable resource for understanding genetic variability, and will aid in the genetic improvement of this outcrossing polyploid grass species for forage production. These findings illustrate the potential of GBS application in the characterization of non-model polyploid plants with complex genomes