Disposable clean delivery kits and prevention of neonatal tetanus in the presence of skilled birth attendants.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of disposable clean delivery kits (CDKs) is effective in reducing neonatal tetanus (NNT) infection, regardless of the skills of birth attendants in resource-poor settings. METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted on data from a matched case-control study in Karachi, Pakistan, involving 140 NNT cases and 280 controls between 1998 and 2001. Conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the independent effect on NNT of CDKs and skilled birth attendants (SBAs). RESULTS: After adjustment for socioeconomic factors, both CDKs (adjusted matched odds ratio [mOR] 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-3.1) and SBAs (adjusted mOR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7) were independently associated with NNT. The association with CDKs remained significant when additionally adjusted for SBAs (mOR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-3.9; P=0.05). The population attributable risk for lack of CDK use was 24% in the study setting. CONCLUSION: In the context of resource-poor settings in low-income countries with poor coverage of tetanus toxoid immunization, the use of CDKs seems to be an effective strategy for reducing NNT infection, irrespective of the skill levels of birth attendants. Approximately one-quarter of NNT cases could be prevented in low-income populations with the use of CDKs

Sarcoidosis Presenting as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown origin. It typically involves the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes in a chronic fashion. However, acute syndrome has been reported possibly in response to systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines. Acute pulmonary manifestations, especially acute respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome, remain extremely uncommon in individuals without a prior diagnosis. We present the case of a 41-year-old African American female, who presented with ARDS. An extensive workup into the cause of her illness remained negative, and she subsequently succumbed to her illness. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made upon autopsy, after exclusion of other granulomatous illness. The case highlights the need to consider this uncommon diagnosis in patients with unexplained ARDS to guide therapy

Digital Forensic Analysis of Telegram Messenger App in Android Virtual Environment

The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the artifacts generated by the Telegram Messenger application on Android OS which provides secure communications between individuals, groups, and channels. Since the past few years, the application went through major changes and updates and the latest version’s artifacts varied from the previous ones. Our methodology is based on the set of experiments designed to generate the artifacts from various use cases on the virtualized environment. The acquired artifacts such as messages, their location, and data structure how they relate to one another were studied and were then compared to the older versions. By correlating the artifacts of newer version with the older ones, it shows how the application have been upgraded behind the scenes and by incorporating those results can provide investigators better understanding and insight for the certain evidence in a potential cybercrime case

Investigating The Mediating Role of Financial Literacy on The Relationship Between Women Entrepreneurs’ Behavioral Biases and Investment Decision Making

This study investigates the theoretical link between heuristic behavioral factors and the investment decision-making of women entrepreneurs, focusing on the impor­tance of financial literacy as a potential mediator shaping prudent decision-making. We argue that women’s financial literacy is an efficient way to apply behavioral considerations in wise decision making. Using the proportionate stratified sampling method, we collect­ed data from women entrepreneurs who were formally registered in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Owing to the complex model and small sample size, the smart PLS method was applied to analyze the structural relationship between the measured and latent con­structs. The results show that overconfidence and availability heuristics have a significant positive impact on investment decisions, while financial literacy plays an essential inter­vening role between the overconfidence heuristic, availability heuristic, and investment decision-making. Our results support the execution of financial literacy awareness among women entrepreneurs to stimulate their financial decision control and give them the in­dependence to make prudent financial decisions

DETRIMENTAL CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF ORGANIZATIONAL INJUSTICE IN THE WORKPLACE: EVIDENCE FROM PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS

This study investigated the causes of organizational injusticeand how this influences employees’ job outcomes in public sectororganizations in Pakistan. Two models were constructed and analyzed to fulfill the research goals. Data were obtained using a simple random sampling technique. Of the sample, 254 employees of public sector organizations filled out self-administered questionnaires. Multiple regression was applied to test direct proposed hypotheses. To evaluatethe organizational injustice’s indirect effect on organizationalperformance due to employees’ job dissatisfaction, the mediation test of Preacher and Hayes (2004) was applied. The results showed that organizational injustice negatively impacts affective commitment and perceived organizational performance. Moreover, job dissatisfaction impacts the relationship in organizational injustice, perceived organizational performance and affective commitment

Empoderando a las mujeres fugitivas: una lucha contra la violencia

This paper investigates the factors behind the runaway women and the untapped phenomenon of family structures where such incidents are reported. We used broader concept of women empowerment to explore the runaway causes through the provision of living, wage jobs, education, medical and health facilities in targeted population. The respondents are selected from the shelter homes of Punjab province in Pakistan where data are collected through in-depth interviews from the Runaway women and the management of different shelter homes. The transformation of data is conducted through thematic analysis. Our result indicates that domestic violence, physical & sexual abuses, life threats, and forced marriages are the reasons behind women’s runaway. The shelter homes’ management added that illiteracy and perceived destructive role of media are the additional causes in runaway incidents. Our results provide important insights on backdrop of women runaways in developing societies. Accordingly, there is an immediate need for the government and social policy agencies to take cohesive measures to support socially affected women at their door step in order to minimize such social violence.Este artículo investiga los factores detrás de las mujeres fugitivas y el fenómeno sin explotar de las estructuras familiares donde se informan tales incidentes. Utilizamos un concepto más amplio de empoderamiento de las mujeres para explorar las causas fugitivas a través de la provisión de vida, empleos asalariados, educación, servicios médicos y de salud en la población destinataria. Los encuestados son seleccionados de los hogares de acogida de la provincia de Punjab en Pakistán, donde se recopilan datos a través de entrevistas en profundidad de las mujeres fugitivas y la gestión de diferentes hogares de refugio. La transformación de los datos se realiza mediante análisis temático. Nuestro resultado indica que la violencia doméstica, los abusos físicos y sexuales, las amenazas a la vida y los matrimonios forzados son las razones del fugitivo de las mujeres. La administración de las casas de acogida agregó que el analfabetismo y el papel destructivo percibido de los medios son las causas adicionales de los incidentes fugitivos. Nuestros resultados proporcionan información importante sobre el contexto de las mujeres fugitivas en las sociedades en desarrollo. En consecuencia, existe una necesidad inmediata de que el gobierno y las agencias de política social tomen medidas cohesivas para apoyar a las mujeres socialmente afectadas en su puerta para minimizar dicha violencia social

Improving Organizational Performance Through HRM-line Partnership: A Case of Higher Education Sector of Pakistan

In todays’ knowledge economy, the organizations focus on creating value through their most valuable resources i.e. human resource. For an effective management of human capital, a healthy partnership between HRM function and the line managers (heads of other departments/sections) is essential. Such type of partnership can augment the strategic success at different levels of organization. The main focus of this study is to evaluate how the partnership of line managers and HR managers in managing different HRM activities help a firm to achieve competitive advantage. The data was collected through the departments/section heads of public sector universities of Pakistan. The results indicate that when line managers actively participate in managing the HRM function of an organization, it yielded improved organizational outcomes. Therefore, the results of this study have an important implication for the managers of higher education institutes to devise mechanism to involve the line managers in managing HRM activities and thereby achieve higher performance outcomes in higher education sector of Pakistan