Fabrication of a Fish-Bone-Inspired Inorganic-Organic Composite Membrane

Biological materials have properties like great strength and flexibility that are not present in synthetic materials. Using the ribs of crucian carp as a reference, we investigated the mechanisms behind the high mechanical properties of this rib bone, and found highly oriented layers of calcium phosphate (CaP) and collagen fibers. To fabricate a fish-rib-bone-mimicking membrane with similar structure and mechanical properties, this study involves (1) the rapid synthesis of plate-like CaP crystals, (2) the layering of CaP-gelatin hydrogels by gradual drying, and (3) controlling the shape of composite membranes using porous gypsum molds. Finally, as a result of optimizing the compositional ratio of CaP filler and gelatin hydrogel, a CaP filler content of 40% provided the optimal mechanical properties of toughness and stiffness similar to fish bone. Due to the rigidity, flexibility, and ease of shape control of the composite membrane materials, this membrane could be applied as a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane

Adsorption of Lubricant Waste by Porous Materials: A Review

The rapid development of technology today cannot be separated from the role of various kinds of machines to produce or increase the use value of an item. The more the engine operates, the more lubricant is used. Lubricants are included in the category of B3 waste (Toxic Hazardous Materials) so that they have a negative impact on the environment. Nearly 50% of all mineral lubricants enter the environment and cause irreparable environmental damage due to direct contact with water and soil. One of the efforts that can be done to reduce the B3 content in used lubricants is adsorption using a porous adsorbent. This study aims to see the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of the adsorbent with the physical and chemical properties of the adsorbate. This research was conducted by studying the literature of scientific articles with related topics. The results showed that some contaminants such as organic compounds, inorganic species, soot, hydrocarbons, and ash can be adsorbed with various adsorbents, namely modified sawdust, bentonite, fly ash, activated carbon, activated alumina, and zeolite Y derived from kaolin