Dynamiques familiales et activité sexuelle précoce au Canada

Cette étude explore le rôle de la structure et des dynamiques familiales sur l’entrée précoce des jeunes canadiens dans la vie sexuelle. Elle se fonde sur l’analyse des données de l’Enquête longitudinale nationale sur les enfants et les jeunes (ELNEJ), en recourant à la fois à des méthodes descriptives (tables de survie et analyse des séquences) et des méthodes d’analyse de régression (analyse des transitions en temps discret). Les résultats des analyses multivariées montrent que, même s’ils sont importants individuellement, ni la structure familiale à la naissance ni le nombre de changements de situations familiales ne se révèlent comme facteurs significatifs pour expliquer l’entrée précoce des jeunes dans la sexualité au Canada. C’est plutôt la combinaison de ces deux variables dans la dynamique de la structure familiale qui constitue le facteur explicatif le plus important.We explore the role of family structure and family dynamics for early sexual initiation among Canadian youth analyzing the data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) with descriptive methods (life tables and sequence analysis) as well as regression analysis (discrete-time event history analysis). Our results show that, even though they are important factors when considered individually, neither the family structure at the child’s birth nor the number of changes of family structure remain significant predictors of early sexual initiation in multivariate analyses. It is rather their combination resulting in the larger family dynamics that is the most important predictor of early sexual initiation among Canadian youth

HIV/AIDS and time allocation in rural Malawi

AIDS morbidity and mortality are expected to have a large impact on households’ labor supply in rural Malawi since they reduce the time that adults can spend on production for subsistence and on income generating activities. However, the data demands for estimating this impact are high, limiting the amount of empirical evidence. In this paper, we utilize a unique combination of quantitative and qualitative data, including biomarkers for HIV, collected by the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project, to analyze the impact of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality on time allocation decisions for rural Malawians. We evaluate both the direct effect of HIV/AIDS on the time allocation of affected individuals as well as its indirect effect on the time allocation of surviving household members. We find that the latter is the most important effect of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality, especially on women’s time. Specifically, AIDS induces diversification of income sources, with women reallocating their time from work-intensive (typically farming and heavy chores) to cash-generating tasks (such as casual labor).Africa, AIDS/HIV, economic impact, Malawi, time allocation

HIV/AIDS and time allocation in rural Malawi

AIDS morbidity and mortality are expected to have a large impact on households' labor supply in rural Malawi since they reduce the time that adults can spend on production for subsistence and on income generating activities. However, the data demands for estimating this impact are high, limiting the amount of empirical evidence. In this paper, we utilize a unique combination of quantitative and qualitative data, including biomarkers for HIV, collected by the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project, to analyze the impact of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality on time allocation decisions for rural Malawians. We evaluate both the direct effect of HIV/AIDS on the time allocation of affected individuals as well as its indirect effect on the time allocation of surviving household members. We find that the latter is the most important effect of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality, especially on women's time. Specifically, AIDS induces diversification of income sources, with women reallocating their time from work-intensive (typically farming and heavy chores) to cash-generating tasks (such as casual labor)

Reactions to Voluntary Counseling and Testing in Rural Malawi

As part of a study that tested individuals for sexually transmitted infections in rural Malawi, we examine the reactions to the provision of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). This paper presents response rates as well as summarizing qualitative data on community comments. Our primary substantive conclusion is that despite mixed community opinions about the value of VCT, there was unexpectedly high participation in VCT. This has important implications for current methods of assessing the acceptability of VCT based on research that poses hypothetical questions rather than measuring actual behavior