ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 Guideline Update for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography: Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American HeartAssociation Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE Committee to Update the 1997 Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography)

"The previous guideline for the use of echocardiography was published in March 1997. Since that time, there have been significant advances in the technology of echocardiography and growth in its clinical use and in the scientific evidence leading to recommendations for its proper use. Each section has been reviewed and updated in evidence tables, and where appropriate, changes have been made in recommendations. A new section on the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is being added to update the guidelines published by the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists. There are extensive revisions, especially of the sections on ischemic heart disease; congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and assessment of left ventricular (LV) function; and screening and echocardiography in the critically ill. There are new tables of evidence and extensive revisions in the ischemic heart disease evidence tables. Because of space limitations, only those sections and evidence tables with new recommendations will be printed in this summary article. Where there are minimal changes in a recommendation grouping, such as a change from Class IIa to Class I, only that change will be printed, not the entire set of recommendations. Advances for which the clinical applications are still being investigated, such as the use of myocardial contrast agents and three-dimensional echocardiography, will not be discussed.

Absence of the aortic valve: Antenatal and postnatal two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic features

Antenatal and postnatal two-dimensional and gated pulsed Doppler echocardiography, beginning at 32 weeks' gestation, were used to evaluate the cardiovascular contribution to nonimmunologic hydrops in a gravida 1, para 0 nineteen year old woman. Antenatal two-dimensional imaging demonstrated a hypoplastic left heart variant of complete common atrioventricular (AV) canal. Antenatal gated pulsed Doppler examination of the fetal thoracoabdominal aorta revealed atypical pandiastolic retrograde flow. Postnatal noninvasive examination at 36 weeks' gestational age was unchanged from the prenatal study.Postmortem examination confirmed the noninvasive anatomic findings and revealed polysplenia. The mechanism of pandiastolic retrograde flow was attributable to "absence of the aortic valve," a previously unreported congenital cardiac anomaly, which resulted in severe antenatal and postnatal aortic regurgitation

COVID-19 as of August 18, 2020: What Have We Learned? How Can We Use What We Have Learned?

PROGRAM INTRODUCTION AND WELCOME by Alan Kadish MDCardiologist | President, Touro College and University System | President, New York Medical College THE EFFECT OF THE PANDEMIC ON CHILDREN by Tami Hendriksz, DO, FACOP, FAAPProfessor and Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, Medical Director of the Vallejo Unified School Based Clinics, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine POTENTIAL INFLUENCES FROM THE COCCI SYNDEMIC ON THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC by Michael Clearfield, DODean, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine COVID-19 VACCINE DEVELOPMENT by Kathleen DiCaprio, PhDAssistant Professor of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine THE ROLE OF DEXAMETHASONE IN COVID-19 PATIENTS by Tanchun Wang, MB, PhDAssociate Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine THE RETRACTION OF MAJOR PAPERS CONCERNING COVID-19. WHAT LESSONS CAN WE LEARN? by Fredrick Z. Bierman, MDDirector of Graduate Medical Education, Westchester Medical Center Health Network WMC and Professor of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center MODERATOR: Edward C. Halperin, MD, MAChancellor and CEO, Professor of Radiation Oncology, Pediatrics and History, New York Medical College | Provost for Biomedical Affairs, Touro College and University Syste