Lässt sich Untreue durch Geschlecht, Einstellung oder Persönlichkeit vorhersagen?

"Diese Untersuchung befasst sich mit der Frage, ob sich Männer und Frauen hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit und der Art der Untreue unterscheiden und ob Liebesstile, Bindungsstile, Sexuelle Einstellungen und Geschlechtsrollenorientierung einen Einfluss auf das berichtete Untreueverhalten haben. Befragt wurden 96 Personen zwischen 19 und 35 Jahren, die zur Zeit der Untersuchung in einer Beziehung lebten. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Männer und Frauen gleich häufig über Untreue berichteten und dass sie sich in der Form der Untreue (emotional vs. sexuell) nicht bedeutend unterschieden, wenn das Alter der Befragten kontrolliert wurde. Ein Alterseffekt bestand darin, dass ältere Personen häufiger Untreue zum Ausdruck brachten als jüngere. Die Prüfung der Hypothesen ergab, dass spielerische und romantische Liebe, permissive und instrumentelle sexuelle Einstellungen und ein vermeidender Bindungsstil mit Untreue zusammenhingen. Spielerische und romantische Liebe sowie sexuelle Einstellungen erwiesen sich als unabhängige Prädiktoren der Untreue." (Autorenreferat)"This study examines whether men and women differ from each other with respect to frequency and type of infidelity, and whether style of loving, style of commitment, sexual attitudes and genderrole orientation influence reported infidelity. We interviewed 96 subjects who were between 19 and 35 years of age and living in a relationship at the time of the study. The results show that men and women report similar frequency of infidelity and that they do not significantly differ in the type of infidelity (emotional vs. sexual), when the subject’s age is controlled for. An age effect was that older persons reported more frequent infidelity than younger persons. Our test of the hypothesis indicated that playful and romantic love, permissive and instrumental sexual attitudes, and an avoidance style of commitment were related to infidelity. Playful and romantic love and sexual attitudes were independent predictors of infidelity." (author's abstract

Zusammen und getrennt wohnende Paare: Unterschiede in grundlegenden Beziehungsdimensionen

"Diese Untersuchung befasst sich mit der Frage, wie sich zusammen und getrennt wohnende Paare bezüglich grundlegender Beziehungsmerkmale unterscheiden und wie diese Unterschiede zu erklären sind. Als Messverfahren dienten Beziehungsskalen, die Konflikt, Liebe, Altruismus, Investment und Sicherheit erfassen, sowie ein zusätzlicher Erhebungsfragebogen zu den Erfahrungen in der Partnerschaft. Befragt wurden 125 Personen zwischen 20 und 40 Jahren, die zur Zeit der Untersuchung einen romantischen Partner hatten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zusammen wohnende Paare sich von getrennt wohnenden durch ein höheres Investment und eine geringere Liebesausprägung unterscheiden. Der Liebeseffekt wurde durch die Annahme interpretiert, dass sich das Zusammenwohnen und Vorhandensein von Kindern negativ darauf auswirkt, wie Partner ihre gemeinsame Zeit miteinander verbringen. Dies wiederum beeinflusst die Liebesausprägung ungünstig. Für die Unterschiede auf der Skala Liebe konnte eine LISREL-Analyse die Interpretation der Ergebnisse unterstützen." (Autorenreferat)"This study is concerned with the differences between couples who live together and apart, respectively, on basic relationship dimensions. In addition, explanations for these differences are examined Measures include relationship scales which tap conflict, love, altruism, investment, and security and an experience questionnaire. 125 persons between 20 and 40 years of age who currently had a romantic partner took part in the study. Results indicate that couples living together express higher investment and less love than couples living apart. The love effect was interpreted by assuming that living together and having children has negative consequences on how partners spend their time together which in turn influences the expressed love negatively. This explanation was supported by a LISREL-analysis." (author's abstract

The Values and Attitudes Towards TEU in a Cross-Cultural Sample *

The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes towards the TEU (Turkey's entry to the European Union) in terms of group-based values, system justification theory, SDO (social dominance orientation), human rights, gender roles, and socio-demographical variables in two different cultural groups. The sample consisted of 151 college students from Ege University in Izmir, Turkey (37 males and 61 females), and Ruhr University in Bochum, Germany (29 males and 24 females). The mean age of Turkish participants was 22.7 years old (range = 19-38, SD= 3.47) and of German participants was 23.7 years old (range = 18-59, SD= 6.14). Participants filled out a questionnaire including Schwartz value scale (1992; 43 items) modified to measure the value priorities of Europeans at group level rather than their own values, system justification survey Keywords: TEU (Turkey's entry to the European Union) membership, values, SDO (social dominance orientation), system justification, human rights, gender roles Introduction Turkish community is in a new period on the process of entry to the EU (European Union) in its westernization process since the administrative reforms until today. Turkey's accession process to the EU is not only one of the important political phenomena in aspect of the democratization of the country, but also an academic limelight in recent years because of its dynamic and changing structure This ongoing accession process sometimes causes a rigid political polarization in several social and political groups in Turkey. Turkey's efforts towards democratization related to the undertaking of attaining admission to the EU have brought into the focus of interest in the citizens' attitudes, values, beliefs, and ideologies related to democracy and the democratic lifestyle. Thus, the present study aimed to provide a social-psychological analysis to one of the most controversial topics in Turkey's current agenda. The analysis was based on individual values and several social-psychological variables that predict rationalization ideology of political conservatism. Two core dimensions of conservative ideology are resistance to change and acceptance of inequality The theoretical framework of the current study is outlined in the following paragraphs: (1) Schwartz Value Taxonomy. Values were defined as desirable, transsituational goals, varying in importance, which serve as guiding principles in people's lives One of the mechanisms justifying or even feeding the unequal relations among groups is the justified myths "raising the hierarchy" rather than "adopting to hierarchy" Method Sample and Procedure The sample of the present study consists of Turkish and German college students who are assumed to possess relatively advanced understanding of the cross-cultural differences. With pending accession of Turkey to the EU, of which Germany is the biggest member, Turkish-German relations seem to become one of the main axes of the relations between Turkey and EU. Turkey is a big Muslim country that is trying to access the EU, and at the same time, a large number of its nationals constitute immigrant communities within countries of the EU (Kirişçi, 2007). Relations between Turkey and Germany have deep roots and they are bound by close ties back over the centuries. This relation dates back to the times of the Ottoman Empire that led to the development of strong bonds with many facades that include economic, military, cultural, and social relations. The sample consists of 151 college students. The participants were drawn from various sections of the state universities in Izmir, Turkey (37 males and 61 females) and Bochum, Germany (29 males and 24 females). The mean age of Turkish participants was 22.7 (range = 19-38, SD = 3.47) and of German participants was 23.9 (range = 18-59, SD = 6.14). The Turkish and German samples were not homogenous in terms of their ethnicity and religion. That is, the Turkish sample comprised 70.4% Turkish, 5.1% Kurdish, 3.1% Arabian, 2% Caucasian, 1% Georgian, 1% Circassian, and 1% Rhodian participants. Sixteen participants did not report ethnicity. The German sample comprised 88.5% German, 7.7% Russian, 1.9% Austrian participants. One participant did not report ethnicity. Forty point eight percent of the Turkish sample reported their religious background as Sunni, 14.3% Hanafi, 6.1% Alevi, and 10.2% Atheist. The German sample comprised 37

Relationships Between Addictive Facebook Use, Depressiveness, Insomnia, and Positive Mental Health in an Inpatient Sample: A German Longitudinal Study

Background and aims: Individuals with high level of negative mental health often tend to use the social platform Facebook to escape from daily stress. They are at risk to develop an emotional bond to Facebook linked to a need to stay permanently online. The current work investigated addictive use of Facebook and its conceptual framework in clinical context. Methods: In a longitudinal study design, duration of daily use of Facebook, addictive Facebook use, depressiveness, insomnia, and positive mental health (PMH) were assessed in a sample of 349 inpatients [Mage (SDage) = 50.13 (9.41)] of a psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic in Germany over a period of on average 6 weeks. Results: Regression analyses revealed that duration of daily Facebook use at the first measurement time point (T1) served as significant positive predictor of addictive Facebook use at the second measurement time point (T2). Addictive Facebook use (T1) significantly positively predicted depressiveness and insomnia (T2). Its prediction of PMH (T2) was significantly negative. Mediation analyses showed that PMH (T1) partially mediated the association between addictive Facebook use (T1) and depressiveness (T2), and fully mediated the relationship between addictive Facebook use (T1) and insomnia (T2). Discussion and conclusions: Current longitudinal results indicate that addictive Facebook use might negatively impact the recovery process of inpatients. Thus, it might be relevant to assess and consider addictive Facebook use in the clinical context. Therapeutic interventions are suggested to focus on the enhancement of inpatients’ PMH level, which may buffer the negative effect of problematic Facebook use

Aufteilung der Hausarbeit, verletzte Erwartungen und Beziehungsqualität

'In dieser Studie wird der Ansatz der Equity-Forschung auf heterosexuelle Partnerschaften angewandt. Im einzelnen befasst sich die Untersuchung mit der Frage, inwieweit sich Unfairness und verletzte Erwartungen bei der Verteilung der Hausarbeit auf die Beziehungszufriedenheit und den erlebten Ärger in der Beziehung auswirken. Es wurden 92 Personen, die mit ihrem Partner zusammenlebten, nach ihren Erwartungen und ihrem tatsächlichen Verhalten bezüglich der Ausführung von 21 Tätigkeiten im Haushalt befragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Männer erwarten, diese Tätigkeiten seltener zu verrichten als ihre Partnerin, während Frauen erwarten, diese Tätigkeiten häufiger zu verrichten als ihr Partner. Zudem zeigt sich, dass Frauen viel häufiger Hausarbeiten ausführen als ihr Partner, während Männer viel seltener Hausarbeiten ausführen als ihre Partnerin, und dass Frauen diese Tätigkeiten noch häufiger ausführen als sie es erwarten und Männer diese Tätigkeiten noch seltener ausführen als sie es erwarten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen weiterhin, dass bei Ungleichverteilung im Haushalt weniger Zufriedenheit und mehr Ärger in der Beziehung erlebt wird als bei fairer Aufteilung der Hausarbeit. Erwartungsverletzungen hingegen stehen nicht im Zusammenhang mit der Zufriedenheit und dem erlebten Ärger in der Partnerschaft.' (Autorenreferat)'In this study, the equity approach is applied to heterosexual partnerships. Specifically, this study focuses on the effects of perceived unfairness of the division of household labour and violated expectations concerning the division of household tasks on satisfaction and anger in heterosexual partnerships. 92 persons who currently lived with a partner answered a questionnaire about their expectations and actual performance of 21 household tasks. Results indicated that women expected to perform and actually performed the 21 tasks more often than their partners. Men expected to perform and actually performed the tasks less often than their partners. Moreover, women performed the tasks more frequently than they expected, whereas men performed the tasks less frequently than they expected. Finally, the results indicated that unequal contributions to household tasks and relationship quality are correlated: Respondents experienced more satisfaction and less anger when they perceived the contributions as more equal (compared with their partners). In contrast, depending on violated expectations with regard to household tasks, no significant differences in satisfaction and anger were found between respondents.' (author's abstract

Prosocial behaviour/ Bierhoff

xi, p. 385: ill.: tab.; 23 c