Copper(II) complexes with 2-ethylpyridine and related hydroxyl pyridine derivatives : structural, spectroscopic, magnetic and anticancer in vitro studies

Copper(ii) complexes with 2-ethylpyridine (1 and 2), 2-(hydroxyethyl)pyridine (3) and 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (4) have been synthesized and characterized. All inorganic compounds have been studied by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, vibrational and EPR spectroscopy as well as theoretical methods. The geometry of the complexes 1, 3 and 4 adopts nearly perfect geometry close to square planar (1, 4) or square pyramid (3) stereochemistry, respectively. The distortion of five coordinated copper(ii) ions in complex 2 indicates intermediate geometry between square pyramidal and trigonal pyramidal geometry. Further, the magnetic measurements have shown antiferromagnetic behaviour of the prepared complexes in a wide range of temperatures. The antiferromagnetic behaviour of 2 should originate from the superexchange interactions between each copper(ii) ion by the mixed chloride and μ(4)-O ion pathways. Besides, the weak antiferromagnetic character of 2 can be also attributed to the presence of intrachain exchange between dimeric units through double oxide ion. In complex 3, strong antiferromagnetic coupling between Cu(ii) centres in the Cu(2)O(2)Cl(2) moiety is found. The cytotoxicity of all compounds was tested in vitro against various cancer cell lines: human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), human prostate carcinoma; derived from metastatic site: brain (DU-145) and two normal cell lines: human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) and human keratinocyte (HaCat). Furthermore, Pluronic P-123 micelles loaded with selected complexes (1 and 3) were proposed to overcome low solubility and to minimize systemic side effects. More detailed study revealed that complex 3 loaded inside micelles causes DU-145 cells' death with simultaneous decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and a high level of reactive oxygen species generation. The stability of the compounds 1–4 in DMSO was confirmed by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra studies

Preparation of a Novel Nano-scale Lead (II) Zig-Zag Metal–Organic Coordination Polymer with Ultrasonic Assistance: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Properties, and NBO Analysis of [Pb(μ-2-pinh)N3 H2O]n

A novel nano-cauliflower-shaped lead(II) metal–organic coordination polymer, [Pb(μ-2-pinh)N3 H2O]n (1), was synthesized using an ultrasonic method. The nanostructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis. The compound was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The coordination compound takes the form of a zig-zag one-dimensional polymer in solid state. The coordination number of the lead(II) ions is six (PbN4O2) with three nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom from two linker organic ligands, as well as one oxygen from coordinated water and one nitrogen atom from terminal coordinated azide anion. It has a stereo-chemically active lone electron pair, and the coordination sphere is hemidirected. The zig-zag 1D chains interact with neighbouring chains through weak interactions, creating a 3D supramolecular metal–organic framework. Lead oxide nanoparticles were obtained by thermolysis of the new nano coordination compound at 180 °C with oleic acid as a surfactant. The morphology and size were further studied using SEM. Natural bond orbital analyses demonstrate the electronic properties of the lead centre and other atoms

The peripheral quantitative computed tomographic and densitometric analysis of skeletal tissue in male Wistar rats after chromium sulfate treatment

Introduction This study evaluates the effects of three different doses of chromium sulphate on bone density and the tomographic parameters of skeletal tissue of rats. Material and Methods The experiment was performed on 40 male Wistar rats which received, by gavage, during 90 days, a chromium sulphate in either a daily dose of 400, 600 or 800 µg/kg BW. At the end of experiment, the rats were scanned using the densitometry method (DXA) to determine the bone mineral density, bone mineral content of total skeleton and vertebral column (L2-L4) and parameters of body composition (Lean Mass and Fat Mass). The isolated femora were scanned using peripheral a quantitative computed tomography method (pQCT) for a separate analysis of the trabecular and cortical bone tissue. The ultimate strength, work to ultimate and the Young modulus of femora was also investigated by the three-point bending test. Results The negative impact of chromium was observed in relation to bone tissue. All doses significantly decreased total skeleton density and mineral content, and also had impact upon the isolated femora and vertebral column. Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density and trabecular bone mineral content measured by pQCT in distal femur metaphysis were significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control. Higher doses of chromium also significantly decreased values of ultimate strength and Young modulus in the investigated femora. Conclusions The results of the experiment demonstrate that chromium sulphate is dose dependent, and exerts a disadvantageous effect on the skeleton, as it decreases bone density and resistance

Effects of obesity on health condition with an emphasis on bone tissues disorders

Introduction. Obesity is today one of the most dangerous and the fastest growing civilization diseases in the world. The number of overweight or obese people is continually increasing. Obesity is defined as abnormal fat accumulation in an organism that may cause health impairment. Obesity may be conducive to an increased risk increase for occurrence of cardiovascular diseases as well as stroke, some types of cancer, endocrinal disorders, osteoarthritis and other bone disorders. Some studies have demonstrated that high body mass index (BMI) is protective against the development of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in men and women. In slim people with a lower BMI than normal, weight loss is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). On the other hand, obesity in childhood may lead to fragility fractures and may lead to early development of osteoporosis in adulthood. Currently, we have numerous methods for measurement of obesity such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). These methods are useful for diagnosing obesity and bone tissue disorders such as osteopenia with sarcopenia or osteoporosis, in particular in perimenopausal women and men after andropause. Aim of the study. The purpose of the study was review the literature on obesity and bone tissue disorders and their interrelations. Material and method. Analysis of literature

Effects of obesity on health condition with an emphasis on bone tissues disorders

Introduction. Obesity is today one of the most dangerous and the fastest growing civilization diseases in the world. The number of overweight or obese people is continually increasing. Obesity is defined as abnormal fat accumulation in an organism that may cause health impairment. Obesity may be conducive to an increased risk increase for occurrence of cardiovascular diseases as well as stroke, some types of cancer, endocrinal disorders, osteoarthritis and other bone disorders. Some studies have demonstrated that high body mass index (BMI) is protective against the development of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in men and women. In slim people with a lower BMI than normal, weight loss is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). On the other hand, obesity in childhood may lead to fragility fractures and may lead to early development of osteoporosis in adulthood. Currently, we have numerous methods for measurement of obesity such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). These methods are useful for diagnosing obesity and bone tissue disorders such as osteopenia with sarcopenia or osteoporosis, in particular in perimenopausal women and men after andropause. Aim of the study. The purpose of the study was review the literature on obesity and bone tissue disorders and their interrelations. Material and method. Analysis of literature

Life quality of patients with the carpal tunnel syndrome

Introduction. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a neuropathy caused by pressure on the median nerve taking a course in the carpal tunnel. The characteristic symptoms of CTS are: pain, numbness, and a prickling sensation in the hand usually at night or after the physical effort. Symptoms of the disease affect patient quality of life which is desribed as a subjective estimation of life situation. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of patient life in those who suffer from carpal tunel syndrome. The studies were aimed to descripe the general quality of patient life and the effect of symptoms on individual aspects in the life of the afflicted. Materials and methods. The study sample was composed of 60 patients from rehabilitation and physiotherapy institutions located in the Lublin Voivodship (Poland). The studies were based on the questionnaries of life quality estimation dependent on health WHOQOL- BREF and EQ-5D-5L as well as on our own poll questionnaire. Conclusions. Symptoms of carpal tunel syndrome deteriorate the quality of patient life. Such patients have difficulties with daily activities. Among those examined, as many as 94.12% reported problems performing everyday actions (EQ – 5D – 5L). Difficulties with chores were reported by 86.70% of those examined. The patients with carpal tunel syndrome are less effective at work. Reduced achievements at work were reported by 73.30% of those examined, and a need for a shorter work day was reported by 60%. For 53.30%, difficulties in doing their jobs were significant; 20% of the examined had to change their profession or work station. The examined patients often experienced pain which deteriorated quality of sleep and disturbed everyday functioning. The patients were presented with serious difficulties in doing professional work

Life quality of patients with the carpal tunnel syndrome

Introduction. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a neuropathy caused by pressure on the median nerve taking a course in the carpal tunnel. The characteristic symptoms of CTS are: pain, numbness, and a prickling sensation in the hand usually at night or after the physical effort. Symptoms of the disease affect patient quality of life which is desribed as a subjective estimation of life situation. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of patient life in those who suffer from carpal tunel syndrome. The studies were aimed to descripe the general quality of patient life and the effect of symptoms on individual aspects in the life of the afflicted. Materials and methods. The study sample was composed of 60 patients from rehabilitation and physiotherapy institutions located in the Lublin Voivodship (Poland). The studies were based on the questionnaries of life quality estimation dependent on health WHOQOL- BREF and EQ-5D-5L as well as on our own poll questionnaire. Conclusions. Symptoms of carpal tunel syndrome deteriorate the quality of patient life. Such patients have difficulties with daily activities. Among those examined, as many as 94.12% reported problems performing everyday actions (EQ – 5D – 5L). Difficulties with chores were reported by 86.70% of those examined. The patients with carpal tunel syndrome are less effective at work. Reduced achievements at work were reported by 73.30% of those examined, and a need for a shorter work day was reported by 60%. For 53.30%, difficulties in doing their jobs were significant; 20% of the examined had to change their profession or work station. The examined patients often experienced pain which deteriorated quality of sleep and disturbed everyday functioning. The patients were presented with serious difficulties in doing professional work

Doubly chloro bridged dimeric copper(II) complex: magneto-structural correlation and anticancer activity

We have synthesized and structurally characterized a new doubly chloro bridged dimeric copper(II) complex, [Cu2(μ-Cl)2(HL)2Cl2] (1) based on a Schiff base ligand, 5-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)-amino]-pentan-1-ol). Single crystal X-ray diffraction shows the presence of dinuclear copper(II) centres in a square pyramidal geometry linked by obtuse double chloro bridge. The magnetic study illustrated that weak antiferromagnetic interactions (J = −0.47 cm−1) prevail in complex 1 which is well supported by magneto-structural correlation. This compound adds to the library of doubly chloro bridged copper(II) complexes in the regime of spin state cross over. DFT calculations have been conducted within a brokensymmetry(BS) framework to investigate the exchange interaction further which depicts that the approximate spin projection technique yields the best corroboration of the experimental J value. Spin density plots show the presence of an ∼0.52e charge residing on the copper atom along with a substantial charge on bridging and peripheral chlorine atoms. The potential of complex 1 to act as an anticancer agent is thoroughly examined on a series of liver cancer cell lines and screening shows the HepG2 cell line exhibits maximum cytotoxicity by phosphatidyl serine exposure in the outer cell membrane associated with ROS generation and mitochondrial depolarization with increasing time in the in vitro model system

Evaluation of the knowledge of the issues related to human papillomavirus infections within young women

Introduction. Human papillomavirus infections are frequent in on average 9% to 13% of the female population, and the risk of infection throughout life exceeds 50%. The HPV virus causes changes in the mucous membranes and the skin of the genital area in both women and men. Aim. This paper presents epidemiology, prophylaxis, diagnostics and treatment of HPV and cervical cancer infections. In addition, the knowledge of issues related to human papillomavirus infection among young women was assessed. Materials and methods. The diagnostic survey method was used to carry out the research. The research tool was a questionnaire of own authorship consisting of 41 questions. The research group consisted of 240 women. The research was carried out from June to September 2016 at the Chodźki Medical Center and the Luxmed facility in Lublin. Results. There is a relationship between the education of the respondents and their knowledge about the human papillomavirus infection. The studies did not show a significant relationship between the self-esteem of the studied women and whether they were vaccinated against the HPV virus (Chi-square = 0.362, p = 0.547). Conclusions. The general level of knowledge on issues related to human papillomavirus infection among young women is at the secondary level. A higher level of general knowledge was shown by women with better education, related to the medical and biological sciences. The self-assessment of the respondents coincides with the general knowledge, based on detailed questions, on issues related to HPV infection. Promoting knowledge about HPV infection is unsatisfactor