Evaluation of Pan-Sharpening Techniques Using Lagrange Optimization

Earth’s observation satellites, such as IKONOS, provide simultaneously multispectral and panchromatic images. A multispectral image comes with a lower spatial and higher spectral resolution in contrast to a panchromatic image which usually has a high spatial and a low spectral resolution. Pan-sharpening represents a fusion of these two complementary images to provide an output image that has both spatial and spectral high resolutions. The objective of this paper is to propose a new method of pan-sharpening based on pixel-level image manipulation and to compare it with several state-of-art pansharpening methods using different evaluation criteria.  The paper presents an image fusion method based on pixel-level optimization using the Lagrange multiplier. Two cases are discussed: (a) the maximization of spectral consistency and (b) the minimization of the variance difference between the original data and the computed data. The paper compares the results of the proposed method with several state-of-the-art pan-sharpening methods. The performance of the pan-sharpening methods is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using evaluation criteria, such as the Chi-square test, RMSE, SNR, SD, ERGAS, and RASE. Overall, the proposed method is shown to outperform all the existing methods

Electrocardiographic changes in patients with pre-eclampsia: ECG changes in pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is associated with elevated maternal risk for cardiovascular disease. Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in pre-eclampsia have been documented in some studies. Electrocardiography has recently emerged as a useful tool to evaluate cardiovascular complication during and after pregnancy. The present study was therefore undertaken to find out electrocardiographic changes in pre-eclamptic women, visiting Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Manipur. The aim of this study was to determine the electrocardiographic changes in both pre-eclampsia and age matched normotensive pregnant women. In this study, 25 pregnant women (gestational age >20 weeks) with pre-eclampsia in the range of 18 to 45 years of age were recruited and compared with the equal number of age matched normotensive pregnant women. ECG parameters of pre-eclamptic women were compared with those of normotensive pregnant women. The data were then analyzed using SPSS software. Pre-eclamptic women showed significantly longer QRS (0.10±0.02 sec vs 0.09±0.05 sec), prolonged QT (0.401±0.03 sec vs 0.365±0.003sec) and QTc (457.73±37 msec vs 416.47± 25.4 msec) than control group. The study shows that electrocardiography can be used to evaluate cardiovascular risk in pre-eclamptic women

Assessment of crop yield and water footprint of kharif paddy production under different rainfall years

The assessment of the water footprint of paddy production has been of great significance to water resource planning and management. This study quantifies the paddy yield and water footprint under different rainfall conditions for the period 2011-2020. In agriculture, water footprint, crop yield, and evapotranspiration need to be estimated. AquaCrop GIS software is used to simulate the yield of paddy and evapotranspiration. The results show the average yields of Imphal East and Imphal West as 3.27 t/ha and 3.32 t/ha, respectively. The R2 -value of simulated and actual yields in Imphal East and Imphal West as 0.916 and 0.911, respectively. The green water footprint of paddy is found to be higher than the blue water footprint. This study shows the importance of rainwater and allows increasing the paddy yield by more use of green water and reduced blue water use in the future

Quantitative analysis of Fe/Co co-doped ZnO by Rietveld method

Fe/Co co-doped Zinc oxide was prepared by using hydrothermal method. Refinement of recorded X-ray diffractograms was done by Rietveld method by using MAUD. It shows that all the samples have a hexagonal structure with space group P63mc and the average crystallite size of the samples lie between 49-79 nanometers. Presence of some secondary phases were also detected. Rietveld analysis data reveals that the density of the doped and co-doped ZnO is more than the pristine ZnO. The goodness of fit value ranges from 1.3875-1.7519. The unit cell volume decreases for the doped and co-doped ZnO as the value of lattice parameter decreases with doping and co-doping. Decrease in the interplaner spacing values may be because of the strain developed in the lattice due to doping and co-doping

Quantitative analysis of Fe/Co co-doped ZnO by Rietveld method

673-677Fe/Co co-doped Zinc oxide was prepared by using hydrothermal method. Refinement of recorded X-ray diffractograms was done by Rietveld method by using MAUD. It shows that all the samples have a hexagonal structure with space group P63mc and the average crystallite size of the samples lie between 49-79 nanometers. Presence of some secondary phases were also detected. Rietveld analysis data reveals that the density of the doped and co-doped ZnO is more than the pristine ZnO. The goodness of fit value ranges from 1.3875-1.7519. The unit cell volume decreases for the doped and co-doped ZnO as the value of lattice parameter decreases with doping and co-doping. Decrease in the interplaner spacing values may be because of the strain developed in the lattice due to doping and co-doping

Biocontrol-based management module provided maximum protection in potato against white grub, Lepidiota mansueta Burmeister in Assam, India

Abstract Background The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some eco-friendly management modules based on plant oils and Metarhizium anisopliae against a biennial white grub species, Lepidiota mansueta Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) infesting potato crop in the farmer’s field at Majuli river island, Assam, India. Results Amongst all the modules evaluated against L. mansueta grubs, the pooled analysis of two years of data (2019–2020 and 2020–2021) revealed that Module-VI [presowing treatment of mustard oil cake @ 150 kg/ha + wood ash @ 150 kg/ha + panchagavya @ 3% plus the application of Metarhizium anisopliae @ 10 g/sq.m after 1st & 2nd earthing up (25 & 60 Days after Sowing (DAS))] and Module-III [presowing treatment plus soil drenching with jatropha oil @ 5 ml/lit after 1st & 2nd earthing up (25 & 60 DAS)] were significantly superior and statistically at par over the rest of the modules in recording high yield (122.71 and 121.50 q/ha, respectively), minimum per cent tuber damage on weight basis (11.32 and 11.82%, respectively) and number basis (14.07 and 14.78%, respectively). The maximum benefit cost ratio was recorded in Module-VI, followed by Module-III and Module- II. Conclusion All the management modules were effective, however, Module-VI and Module-III were found to be significantly superior and registered the least tuber damage on weight and number basis and the highest tuber yield compared to other modules

Impact of Land Use Land Cover on Soil Erosion in Krishna Lower Subbasin

Soil degradation is a severe environmental problem confronting the world today. A study was undertaken to apply revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) to estimate the soil erosion and effect of land use and land cover on soil erosion in Krishna lower sub-basin using Remote Sensing and GIS. Spatial map of each RUSLE parameters was derived in Arc GIS 10.1 and ERDAS IMAGINE 9.3 for the 11317.36 km2 Krishna lower sub-basin catchment in Andhra Pradesh. The values of R, K, LS, C, P factors of the catchment area were used to generate soil erosion spatial maps. The study showed that the average annual soil loss was sensitive to rainfall factor, R, land use and land cover. The computed maximum annual soil erosion for the years 1993 to 2015 was 28.69 t.ha-1. yr-1. Severe erosion was found in settlements, wasteland and during rabi crop. The estimated soil loss from “high” to “very high” occurred in scrubland. Moderate erosion occurred in double/ triple cropping area, and slight erosion occurred in forest and during kharif crop

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Not AvailableThe use of Rhizobium inoculants in chickpea is well established; however, meagre efforts have been directed towards the use of other microbial supplements for improving nutrient uptake and yields. A set of novel cyanobacterial and biofilmed inoculants were evaluated in chickpea under field conditions. A significant two-fold enhancement in leghaemoglobin content of nodules and plant biomass was recorded with Anabaena laxa treatment. The inoculants – Anabaena laxa and Anabaena – Rhizobium biofilmed formulation proved to be the top-ranking treatments. Soil chlorophyll, nitrogen-fixation and available N possessed high positive direct effects on grain yield through positive – correlations and – high direct effects and also had high positive indirect effects through other component traits. The cumulative effect of improved plant growth and nutrient uptake exhibited a positive correlation with microbiological activity, especially nitrogen fixation, soil chlorophyll and soil available nitrogen. This may account for the significantly higher yield parameters in the A. laxa treatment, which recorded 50% higher grain yield (1724 kg ha−1) as compared to control (847 kg ha−1).Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe influence of biofilmed formulations composed of Trichoderma viride and Anabaena torulosa as matrices was investigated in Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.-infected cotton crop, in terms of plant growth and biocontrol parameters. Trichoderma based biofilms were developed with Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis, while A. torulosa biofilms were prepared using B. subtilis and T. viride as components. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant colonisation of biofilms on the root surface, which could be correlated with lowest mortality of 5.67%, recorded using T. viride–B. subtilis biofilm. An increase of 4–7% in polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity was recorded in all biofilm-treated samples, particularly those in which B. subtilis was present. The highest value of 1360.22 µg microbial biomass carbon g−1 soil was recorded in Anabaena–B. subtilis biofilm treatment. Significantly higher values of plant and soil nutrient parameters in treatments in which biofilms were used vis-à-vis individual cultures reveal their promise. Such novel biofilmed biofertilizers with multiple useful traits can be beneficial options for effective nutrient and pest management of cotton crop.Not Availabl