1,823 research outputs found
How an online questionnaire can explore leadership teaching in an undergraduate curriculum.
OBJECTIVES: To design a tool to explore current leadership teaching in an undergraduate curriculum, using the medical leadership competency framework (MLCF)
DESIGN: An online questionnaire was designed based on the MLCF competences and sent to all course leads at Imperial College, London in Autumn 2011
SETTING: Imperial College, London
PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-nine course leads were invited to participate in the questionnaire study
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Course leads were asked whether they teach each MLCF competence, which teaching methods they use, and how long they spend teaching each competency
RESULTS: Overall there was a 78% questionnaire response rate (54/69). From the questionnaires received it was possible to extrapolate results across the remaining courses to achieve a 100% response rate. We were then able to produce a map of current leadership teaching showing that all MLCF competences are taught to varying degrees across the curriculum. The tool does not however provide information on the quality of teaching provided, or what students learn
CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong emphasis on the development of teaching leadership skills to undergraduates in Tomorrow's Doctors 2009 (TD09). It is difficult to know what teaching occurs across the curriculum of a large medical school. The design of a simple, electronic questionnaire will enable medical schools to map their current leadership teaching to the TD09 outcomes. This will help to inform further curriculum development and integration as well as signposting of learning opportunities
Effect of Expansion and Magnetic Field Configuration on Mass Entrainment of Jets
We investigate the growth of jet plus entrained mass in simulations of
supermagnetosonic cylindrical and expanding jets. The entrained mass spatially
grows in three stages: from an initially slow spatial rate to a faster rate and
finally at a flatter rate. These stages roughly coincide with the similar rates
of expansion in simulated radio intensity maps, and also appear related to the
growth of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability through linear, nonlinear, and
saturated regimes. In the supermagnetosonic cylindrical jets, we found that a
jet with an embedded primarily toroidal magnetic field is more stable than a
jet with a primarily axial magnetic field. Also, pressure-matched expanding
jets are more stable and entrain less mass than cylindrical jets with
equivalent inlet conditions.Comment: to appear in Life Cycles of Radio Galaxies, ed. J. Biretta et al.,
New Astronomy Reviews; 6 pages, including 3 figure
Cognition and Commerce: The Impact of Intuitive Judgment and Rational Analysis on Business Decisions
Decision makers who evaluate complex alternatives in real-world decision-making contexts are susceptible to cognitive biases, which can influence judgments, and may result in irrational decisions. Engaging in deliberate, systematic evaluation may reduce the extent to which biases pervade rational judgments (Kahneman, 2011). Previous studies have demonstrated that the deliberate consideration of multiple alternatives is an effective strategy to reduce biases (Lord, Lepper, & Preston, 1984). However, there is limited research on the effects of deliberate analysis on judgments in business decision-making. The present study examines whether the extent of deliberate analysis would elicit differences in the degree to which judgments changed across the decision-making process. Undergraduate students (N = 32) evaluated high- and low-risk hypothetical business scenarios involving decisions between two choice alternatives. Perceived behavioural intentions to pursue the decisions were assessed at two points: after reading the scenario, and after deliberate analysis of the pros and cons for one, or both alternatives. The results suggest that engaging in comparative analysis, as opposed to selective analysis of a single alternative, causes significantly larger changes in initial intuitive evaluations; this strategy is particularly effective in situations concerning high risk. The practical importance of these results for multifaceted business decision-making in assessed, particularly with regard to the use of deliberate comparative analysis as a strategy to decrease risk aversion
The pulsed air gust generator Final report
Wind tunnel simulation of jet pulsing apparatus for controlled gust
Radio-Excess IRAS Galaxies: IV. Optical Spectroscopy
This is the fourth in our series of papers investigating radio-excess
galaxies, which have radio emission associated with an active nucleus but which
do not fit into the traditional categories of either radio-loud or radio-quiet
active galaxies. In this paper, we present optical spectra of our sample of
FIR-luminous radio-excess galaxies. Optical emission line diagnostics are used
to determine the dominant source of the ionizing radiation. We find that radio
excess is an excellent indicator of the presence of an active nucleus: the
radio-excess sample contains a much higher fraction of AGN than samples
selected on FIR luminosity alone, or using other criteria such as warm FIR
colors. Several objects have ambiguous classifications and are likely to be
composite objects with mixed excitation. The type of optical spectrum appears
to be associated with the radio-loudness: radio-loud objects may be more `pure'
AGN than radio-intermediate objects. We find strong evidence for interaction
between the radio plasma and the surrounding gas. The jet energy fluxes of the
radio-excess objects, inferred from the [O III] luminosities, are lower than in
powerful radio sources, consistent with our previous results. We conclude that
the jets of radio-intermediate sources are intrinsically weaker than those in
sources with more powerful radio emission. A significant fraction of the sample
spectra show post-starburst stellar continuum, with A-star absorption lines,
consistent with the large fraction of merging or disturbed host galaxies in the
sample. The ages of the radio sources are significantly less than those of A
stars indicating that, if the radio sources are associated with merging
activity, there is a delay between the interaction and the initiation of the
radio activity. (Abridged.)Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ; version with high resolution figures
available from http://www.cis.rit.edu/~clbsps/papers/paper4.pd
Adiabatic relativistic models for the jets in the radio galaxy 3C 31
We present a general approach to the modelling of the brightness and
polarization structures of adiabatic, decelerating relativistic jets, based on
the formalism of Matthews & Scheuer (1990). We compare the predictions of
adiabatic jet models with deep, high-resolution observations of the radio jets
in the FR I radio galaxy 3C 31. Adiabatic models require coupling between the
variations of velocity, magnetic field and particle density. They are therefore
more tightly constrained than the models previously presented for 3C 31 by
Laing & Bridle (2002). We show that adiabatic models provide a poorer
description of the data in two crucial respects: they cannot reproduce the
observed magnetic-field structures in detail, and they also predict too steep a
brightness decline along the jets for plausible variations of the jet velocity.
We find that the innermost regions of the jets show the strongest evidence for
non-adiabatic behaviour, and that the adiabatic models provide progressively
better descriptions of the jet emission at larger distances from the galactic
nucleus. We briefly discuss physical processes which might contribute to this
non-adiabatic behaviour. In particular, we develop a parameterized description
of distributed particle injection, which we fit to the observed total
intensities. We show that particles are preferentially injected where bright
X-ray emission is observed, and where we infer that the jets are
over-pressured.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Induced Compton Scattering in Gigahertz Peak Spectrum Sources
We revisit the shocked shell model for the class of Active Galactic Nuclei
known as Gigahertz Peak Spectrum sources, incorporating new observational data
on the radiation brightness temperatures. We argue that in addition to
free-free absorption, induced Compton scattering will also have an important
effect in forming the ~GHz peak and in shaping the radio spectra that
characterize these sources. Indeed, our arguments suggest that GPS sources may
provide the first real evidence for the role of induced Compton scattering in
extragalactic radio sources.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, AAS LaTeX style with epsf, to appear in ApJ
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