2D/2D g‑C₃N₄/MnO₂ Nanocomposite as a Direct Z‑Scheme Photocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Constructing two-dimensional (2D) composites using layered materials is considered to be an effective approach to achieve high-efficiency photocatalysts. Herein, a 2D/2D g-C₃N₄/MnO₂ heterostructured photocatalyst was synthesized via in situ growth of MnO₂ nanosheets on the surface of g-C₃N₄ nanolayers using a wet-chemical method. The hybrid nanomaterial was characterized by a range of techniques to study its micromorphology, structure, chemical composition/states, and so on. The g-C₃N₄/MnO₂ nanocomposite exhibited greatly improved photocatalytic activities for dye degradation and phenol removal in comparison to the single g-C₃N₄ or MnO₂ component. On the basis of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and the Mott–Schottky measurements, we consider that a Z-scheme heterojunction was generated between the g-C₃N₄ nanosheets and MnO₂ nanosheets, wherein the photoinduced electrons in MnO₂ combined with the holes in g-C₃N₄, leading to enhanced charge carrier extraction and utilization upon photoexcitation. This work provides an effective approach to construct the 2D/2D heterojunctions for the application in solar-to-fuel conversion and photocatalytic water treatment

Phonotaxis data of the three group with different frequency increase (after combine the ratios of 0.6 and 0.625)

Phonotaxis data of the three group with different frequency increase (after combine the ratios of 0.6 and 0.625),this data is for Fig.

A test of the matched filter hypothesis in two sympatric frogs, <i>Chiromantis doriae</i> and <i>Feihyla vittata</i>

<p>The matched filter hypothesis proposes that the auditory sensitivity of receivers should match the spectral energy distribution of the senders’ signals. If so, receivers should be able to distinguish between species-specific and hetero-specific signals. We tested the matched filter hypothesis in two sympatric species, <i>Chiromantis doriae</i> and <i>Feihyla vittata</i>, whose calls exhibit similar frequency characters and that overlap in the breeding season and microenvironment. For both species, we recorded male calls and measured the auditory sensitivity of both sexes using the auditory brainstem response (ABR). We compared the auditory sensitivity with the spectral energy distribution of the calls of each species and found that (1) auditory sensitivity matched the signal spectrogram in <i>C. doriae</i> and <i>F. vittata</i>; (2) the concordance conformed better to the conspecific signal versus the hetero-specific signal. In addition, our results show that species differences are larger than sex differences for ABR audiograms.</p

Phonotaxis data of the relative attractiveness

Phonotaxis data of the relative attractiveness,this data is for Fig.

ABR latency to valley for each frequency at 70 dB SPL.

<p>(Mean ± SD, n = 35). Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05).</p

Flat stimulus

Flat calls (F) in which the frequency among notes did not vary. This data if for Fig.

Effect of the Level of Anesthesia on the Auditory Brainstem Response in the Emei Music Frog (<i>Babina daunchina</i>) - Fig 1

<p><b>ABR replicates elicited in response to frequency-specific tone pips at 70 dB SPL showing valley-peak waveforms for three different anesthesia levels recorded from the same frog, (a) 0 minutes after anesthesia induction, (b) 5 minutes after anesthesia induction and (c) 10 minutes after anesthesia induction.</b> Downward pointing arrows depict the arrival time of sound at the tympanic membrane.</p

Natural stimulus

Natural calls (N) in which the fundamental frequency (F0) increases in the species-typical manner (i.e. naturally) from note to note: 441 Hz, 551 Hz, 589 Hz, 606 Hz, 618 Hz, 628 Hz, 628 Hz and 628 Hz, respectively.This data if for Fig.

ABR thresholds for Emei music frogs for three different anesthesia levels recorded 0 minutes after anesthesia induction, 5 minutes after anesthesia induction and 10 minutes after anesthesia induction.

<p>The points plotted represent the thresholds for tone pips (Mean ± SD). Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05).</p

Phonotaxis data of the relative attractiveness(combined data)

Phonotaxis data of the relative attractiveness,combined data of 4,5,6 note numbers to E-F,N-F,or E-