Internet of Things in Agricultural Innovation and Security

The agricultural Internet of Things (Ag-IoT) paradigm has tremendous potential in transparent integration of underground soil sensing, farm machinery, and sensor-guided irrigation systems with the complex social network of growers, agronomists, crop consultants, and advisors. The aim of the IoT in agricultural innovation and security chapter is to present agricultural IoT research and paradigm to promote sustainable production of safe, healthy, and profitable crop and animal agricultural products. This chapter covers the IoT platform to test optimized management strategies, engage farmer and industry groups, and investigate new and traditional technology drivers that will enhance resilience of the farmers to the socio-environmental changes. A review of state-of-the-art communication architectures and underlying sensing technologies and communication mechanisms is presented with coverage of recent advances in the theory and applications of wireless underground communications. Major challenges in Ag-IoT design and implementation are also discussed

Signals in the Soil: An Introduction to Wireless Underground Communications

In this chapter, wireless underground (UG) communications are introduced. A detailed overview of WUC is given. A comprehensive review of research challenges in WUC is presented. The evolution of underground wireless is also discussed. Moreover, different component of UG communications is wireless. The WUC system architecture is explained with a detailed discussion of the anatomy of an underground mote. The examples of UG wireless communication systems are explored. Furthermore, the differences of UG wireless and over-the-air wireless are debated. Different types of wireless underground channel (e.g., In-Soil, Soil-to-Air, and Air-to-Soil) are reported as well

Diagnostic challenge in an unusual lung mass: Inflammatory pseudotumor

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Diagnostic and prognostic significance of claudin expression in renal cell carcinomas

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Malignant glioneuronal tumor: glioblastoma with proliferating neuroblastic nodules

27th International Congress of the International-Academy-of-Pathology -- OCT 12-17, 2008 -- Athens, GREECEWOS: 000259524800746…Int Acad Patho

Determination of factors affecting sensitivity of two strawberry species to iron deficiency

Iron (Fe) deficiency is an important nutritional problem occurring in plants and humans in the world. It is also common nutritional problem in Turkey and the strawberry is known as a sensitive species to Fe deficiency which results in significant yield and quality losses. The objective of this study was to determine the factors affecting the sensitivity of strawberry to Fe deficiency using BSP 14 (Fragaria chiloensis L.) and LH 30-4 (F. virginiana Miller) genotypes of the cultivated strawberry, F. ×ananassa Duch in hydroponic culture. In the study, the genotypes LH 30-4 and BSP 14 were selected as plant material. F. chiloensis and F. virginiana were determined as tolerant and sensitive to Fe deficiency in a previous screening study. The plants were grown in Fe (-) (0 µmol Fe) and Fe (+) (100 µmol Fe) nutrient culture and several variables were measured. The variables evaluated included symptom severity, SPAD values, shoot and root weight, Fe-reductase activity, shoot and root Fe content, Fe concentration and the pH value of the media. The results indicated that the most important factors affecting the Fe deficiency in strawberry species were the Fe uptake and the Fereductase activity

Modeling convection-diffusion-reaction systems for microfluidic molecular communications with surface-based receivers in Internet of Bio-Nano Things

We consider a microfluidic molecular communication (MC) system, where the concentration-encoded molecular messages are transported via fluid flow-induced convection and diffusion, and detected by a surface-based MC receiver with ligand receptors placed at the bottom of the microfluidic channel. The overall system is a convection-diffusion-reaction system that can only be solved by numerical methods, e.g., finite element analysis (FEA). However, analytical models are key for the information and communication technology (ICT), as they enable an optimisation framework to develop advanced communication techniques, such as optimum detection methods and reliable transmission schemes. In this direction, we develop an analytical model to approximate the expected time course of bound receptor concentration, i.e., the received signal used to decode the transmitted messages. The model obviates the need for computationally expensive numerical methods by capturing the nonlinearities caused by laminar flow resulting in parabolic velocity profile, and finite number of ligand receptors leading to receiver saturation. The model also captures the effects of reactive surface depletion layer resulting from the mass transport limitations and moving reaction boundary originated from the passage of finite-duration molecular concentration pulse over the receiver surface. Based on the proposed model, we derive closed form analytical expressions that approximate the received pulse width, pulse delay and pulse amplitude, which can be used to optimize the system from an ICT perspective. We evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model by comparing model-based analytical results to the numerical results obtained by solving the exact system model with COMSOL Multiphysics