Teaching preschool children reading and writing based on the new educational standard

The article analyzes modern changes in preschool preparation of children in native language. The author investigates the problem of learning reading and writing by preschool children and ways to overcome them. The article outlines the main skills that are needed to teach children to further studying the mother tongue at school, it substantiates the need. The author proposes and organizes didactic means of forming the preschoolers’ skills necessary for proper reading and writing, and proves them on the basis of the analysis of foreign and domestic studie

Preferensi Petani Terhadap Jagung Hibrida Berdasarkan Karakter Agronomik, Produktivitas, Dan Keuntungan Usahatani

Some hybrid maize varieties had been adopted by farmers, but farmers responded differently toward each variety. The objective of the present study was to know the farmers' responses to hybrid variety based on agronomic characters, productivity, and income among four hybrid maize, namely N-35, BISI-2, BIMA-3, and SHS-11 variety. The research was conducted in Takalar regency, South Sulawesi from March to November 2014. Sampling method was purposive, the number of respondents were 60 farmers. Information were derived from primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through survey and interview using structured questionaires. Technical analysis using R/C ratio was presented on tables then discussed in a descriptive-qualitative. Results showed that farmers planted BIMA-3 variety were able to obtain yield of 9.5 t/ha at 16% of moisture content, gaining the highest profit of Rp 15,875,000/ha. The superiority of BIMA-3 were its germination was better, the seed cost was cheaper, resistant to downey-mildew and stemborer, tolerant to drought stress, produced higher yields and its biomass stayed green, so that it was suitable for animal feeding. Variety N-35, BISI-2, and SHS-11 were not resistant to downey-mildew disease, the yields ranged from 6.9 t/ha to 7.9 t/ha, and their biomass were not stayed green. The highest R/C ratio was obtained from BIMA-3 (2.71), followed by BISI-2 (2.61), N-35 (2.53), SHS-11 (2.44) and OPVs (2.33). B/C Ratio of BIMA-3 was (1.71), BISI-2 (1.61), N-35 (1.53), SHS-11 (1.44), OPVs (1.33), and MBCR of BIMA-3 (2.13), BISI-2 (2.04), N-35 (1.86), and SHS-11(1.64). Therefore, BIMA-3 hybrid variety could be recommended for maize farming in South Sulawesi

Contribution to the ecological management of the seed chalcid wasp Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikol’skaya (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in pistachio orchards

δε διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικάAspects related to the management of the pistachio seed wasp Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikol’skaya (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), were investigated. E. plotnikovi has internal feeding habits. However, the external appearance of the fruits could be used to distinguish between infested and uninfested fruits, since fruits partly blackish or brownish and shriveled had higher infestation levels than those without any discolouration. The adult emergence from the fruits was completed within a short period of 12 days, from the middle until the end of May. This pest overwinters as larva inside the mummified fruits. The application of sanitation measures for the control of this pest was experimentally investigated. The results showed that no adults emerged from fruits that were buried in the soil but also from those that remained on the soil surface during winter. Thus, it seems that there is no need for burying them by tillage under the soil as it had been proposed. This result might be essential in the wider adoption of this method in the management of this pest

Investigating psychobiological causes and mechanisms in functional seizures and functional motor symptoms:Study protocol

INTRODUCTION: Advances have been made in understanding the aetiology of functional neurological disorder (FND); however, its pathophysiological mechanisms have not been definitively demonstrated. Evidence suggests interacting roles for altered emotional processing and interoception, elevated autonomic arousal, and dissociation, but there is limited evidence demonstrating their causal influence on specific FND symptoms. Our superordinate aim is to elucidate potentially shared and distinct aetiological factors and mechanisms in two common FND subtypes, functional seizures (FS) and functional motor symptoms (FMS).METHODS: This study has a multimodal, mixed between- and within-groups design. The target sample is 50 individuals with FS, 50 with FMS, 50 clinical controls (anxiety/depression), and 50 healthy controls. Potential aetiological factors (e.g., adverse life events, physical/mental health symptoms, dissociative tendencies, interoceptive insight/sensibility) will be assessed with a detailed medical history interview and self-report questionnaires. A laboratory session will include a neurocognitive battery, psychophysiological testing, cardiac interoception and time estimation tasks and an isometric handgrip task. A subsample will undergo magnetic resonance imaging, including structural, resting-state and task-based scans combined with psychophysiological recording. Remote monitoring with ecological momentary assessment and wearables will measure variability in FND symptoms and their potential predictors/correlates for ≥2 weeks in patients' daily lives. Longitudinal follow-ups at 3, 6, and 12-months will monitor longer-term outcomes in the clinical groups.DISCUSSION: This study employs multimodal research methods to rigorously examine several putative mechanisms in FND, at subjective/experiential, behavioural, and physiological levels. The study will test causal hypotheses about the role of altered emotional processing, autonomic arousal, dissociation and interoception in the initiation or exacerbation of FND symptoms, directly comparing these processes in FS and FMS to healthy and clinical controls. This is the first study of its kind, with potential to reveal important targets for prevention and treatment of FND in future.</p

Interoception in functional motor symptoms and functional seizures: Preliminary evidence of intact accuracy alongside reduced insight and altered sensibility

Altered interoception may be a pathophysiological mechanism in functional neurological disorder (FND). However, findings have been inconsistent across interoceptive dimensions in FND including functional motor symptoms (FMS) and seizures (FS). Here, individuals with FMS/FS (n = 17) and healthy controls (HC, n = 17) completed measures of interoceptive accuracy and insight (adapted heartbeat tracking task [HTT] with confidence ratings), a time estimation control task (TET) and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2 (MAIA-2) to assess interoceptive sensibility. The groups did not differ in interoceptive accuracy (p = 1.00, g = 0.00) or confidence (p = .99, g = 0.004), although the FMS/FS group displayed lower scores on the "Not-Distracting" (p < .001, g = 1.42) and "Trusting" (p = .005, g = 1.17) MAIA-2 subscales, relative to HCs. The groups did not differ in TET performance (p = .82, g = 0.08). There was a positive relationship between HTT accuracy and confidence (insight) in HCs (r = .61, p = .016) but not in FMS/FS (r = 0.11, p = .69). HTT confidence was positively correlated with MAIA-2 "Self-Regulation" (r = 0.77, p = .002) and negatively correlated with FND symptom severity (r = -0.84, p < .001) and impact (r = -0.86, p < .001) in FMS/FS. Impaired interoceptive accuracy may not be a core feature in FMS/FS, but reduced insight and altered sensibility may be relevant. Reduced certainty in self-evaluations of bodily experiences may contribute to the pathogenesis of FND symptoms