Relações entre Discurso Político e Discurso Jornalístico

Uma característica do discurso jornalístico é a aptidão de incorporar e mediar os discursos de vários sujeitos sociais. Isso faz da mídia um cenário de interesses em competição daqueles que querem ver divulgados os seus discursos. Especificamente no momento de uma disputa política é possível verificar o reflexo dela na imprensa e, por meio dos pressupostos da Análise do Discurso (AD), verifica-se a possibilidade de desvendar as condições de construção do discurso jornalístico a partir dos enunciados dos diferentes sujeitos – jornalistas e políticos. Entende-se que as normas e regras internas dos veículos de comunicação ajudam na uniformidade do processo de produção jornalística, tais como a seleção de informações de acordo com os critérios de edição, as rotinas de trabalho e o posicionamento editorial do veículo de comunicação

Families and their collaborators in the task of child rearing

Cada vez mais as crianças são inseridas em instituições de educação infantil, o que significa terem as famílias colaborações e orientações na tarefa de educar os filhos. É nessa linha que se insere o presente estudo que tem por objetivo conhecer quais pessoas/instituições colaboram com pais e mães na tarefa de educação de seus filhos. Para cumprir este objetivo, foram construídos dois instrumentos de coleta de dados: a) roteiro de identificação; b) roteiro sobre família e educação de filhos; e a seguir feita a adaptação de um terceiro, o "Roteiro reestruturado de Biasoli-Alves e Graminha", para ser aplicado na forma de questionário. Participantes: 50 homens e 50 mulheres de nível universitário, com união marital estável e filho(s) com idade(s) entre dois e sete anos, sendo 50 de uma cidade do interior paulista (25 pais e 25 mães) e 50 de uma capital do Nordeste (mesma divisão); os participantes foram identificados a partir de cursos de pós-graduação lato sensu de Universidades privadas, sendo submetidos à entrevista gravada feita usando-se os dois roteiros e, posteriormente, para as mães, foi entregue o questionário para ser respondido. Para analisar os dados, as entrevistas foram transcritas e elaboradas categorias de respostas, de acordo com o sistema quantitativo-interpretativo. Os resultados revelam que uma importante colaboradora do processo educacional é a instituição de educação infantil/escola. A presença da babá/empregada doméstica é marcante particularmente nos participantes nordestinos. Há ainda o apoio das avós.There is a growing tendency for children to be put into pre-elementary education institutions at an early age. This means that families receive assistance and guidance in the task of raising their children. With this in mind, the present study aims to find out what people or institutions collaborate with mothers and fathers in the work of rearing their children. Two instruments of data collection were used to meet this objective: a) identification instrument and b) an instrument about family and child rearing; subsequently, a third instrument was adapted, "The Restructured instrument of Biasoli-Alves and Graminha". The latter was applied in the form of a questionnaire. The participants are 50 men and 50 women (college graduates) with stable marital status and with children aged between 2 7 years. Fifty participants were selected from a city in the state of São Paulo (25 mothers and 25 fathers) and fifty from a capital in the Northeast of Brazil (same division). These participants were selected from post-graduate courses in private universities. They were submitted to a recorded interview using the two approaches, and later, the mothers were given the questionnaire. For data analysis, the interviews were transcribed and categories of answers were elaborated, according to the quantitative-interpretative system. The results show that an important collaborator in the child rearing process is the pre-elementary education institution/school. The presence of a nanny/maid is marked particularly in the participants from the Northeast. There is also the help of grandparents

Genogram and ecomap: possibility to use in the family health strategy

The family structure, its composition, how its members are organized and interact among themselves and with the environment, its health problems, the risk situations, the vulnerability patterns are fundamental facts to plan the family health care. The main in this study is to describe the genogram and ecomap application by families' subscript in the IV Health Family Nucleus of Ribeirão Preto School of São Paulo University, for a reflection about its use in Health Family Program. It is a descriptive and exploratory study that is supported by the literature and authors' experience about the genogram and ecomap use. The instruments application made some information available about the families and their relationships and the relation with the community. Then these instruments are possible tools to acquire and put in order the families' information for the Family Health care. It can be used by the health family team as a way to approach the family, in this way the family is active in the assessment process. These instruments can show the family structure, the culture, the health cycle, relations and interrelations.Conhecer a estrutura da família, sua composição, como os membros se organizam e interagem entre si e com o ambiente, os problemas de saúde, as situações de risco, os padrões de vulnerabilidade, é vital para o planejamento do cuidado à saúde da família. Este estudo objetiva descrever a aplicação dos instrumentos genograma e ecomapa em duas famílias cadastradas no Núcleo de Saúde da Família IV do Centro de Saúde Escola de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, com vistas à reflexão sobre sua utilização no PSF. É um estudo descritivo-exploratório, fundamentado na literatura e na experiência das autoras quanto à utilização do genograma e ecomapa como um instrumento de coleta de dados em entrevistas com famílias. A aplicação destes instrumentos possibilitou informações sobre a família e suas relações entre si e com a comunidade, constituindo-se em uma ferramenta para ordenar as informações sobre a família, de forma prática, para o cuidado da saúde centrado na família. Conclui-se que esses instrumentos podem ser adotados pela equipe de saúde da família como uma forma de abordar a família, de modo que esta se sinta participante do processo de coleta de informações, bem como possibilita conhecer a família no que tange à estrutura familiar, cultura, ciclo de vida, relações e inter-relações

The prognostic role of post-induction FDG-PET in patients with follicular lymphoma: a subset analysis from the FOLL05 trial of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL)

BACKGROUND: [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) is emerging as a strong diagnostic and prognostic tool in follicular lymphoma (FL) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a subset analysis of the FOLL05 trial (NCT00774826), we investigated the prognostic role of post-induction PET (PI-PET) scan. Patients were eligible to this study if they had a PI-PET scan carried out within 3 months from the end of induction immunochemotherapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary study end point. RESULTS: A total of 202 patients were eligible and analysed for this study. The median age was 55 years (range 33-75). Overall, PI-PET was defined as positive in 49 (24%) patients. Conventional response assessment with CT scan was substantially modified by PET: 15% (22/145) of patients considered as having a complete response (CR) after CT were considered as having partial response (PR) after PI-PET and 53% (30/57) patients considered as having a PR after CT were considered as a CR after PI-PET. With a median follow-up of 34 months, the 3-year PFS was 66% and 35%, respectively, for patients with negative and positive PI-PET (P<0.001). At multivariate analysis, PI-PET (hazard ratio 2.57, 95% confidence interval 1.52-4.34, P<0.001) was independent of conventional response, FLIPI and treatment arm. Also, the prognostic role of PI-PET was maintained within each FLIPI risk group. CONCLUSIONS: In FL patients, PI-PET substantially modifies response assessment and is strongly predictive for the risk of progression. PET should be considered in further updates of response criteria

The use of FDG-PET in the initial staging of 142 patients with follicular lymphoma: a retrospective study from the FOLL05 randomized trial of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi

BACKGROUND: The role of [(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) in follicular lymphoma (FL) staging is not yet determined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of PET in the initial staging of FL patients enrolled in the FOLL05-phase-III trial that compared first-line regimens (R-CVP, R-CHOP and R-FM). Patients should have undergone conventional staging and have available PET baseline to be included. RESULTS: A total of 142 patients were analysed. PET identified a higher number of nodal areas in 32% (46 of 142) of patients and more extranodal (EN) sites than computed tomography (CT) scan. Also, the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score increased in 18% (26 of 142) and decreased in 6% (9 of 142) of patients. Overall, the impact of PET on modifying the stage was highest in patients with limited stage. Actually, 62% (15 of 24) of cases with limited disease were upstaged with PET. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of PET among staging procedures makes the evaluation of patients with FL more accurate and has the potential to modify therapy decision and prognosis in a moderate proportion of patients. Further prospective clinical trials on FL should incorporate PET at different moments, and the therapeutic criteria to start therapy should be re-visited in the views of this new tool

Insights into Candida tropicalis nosocomial infections and virulence factors

Candida tropicalis is considered the first or the second non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species most frequently isolated from candidosis, mainly in patients admitted in intensive care units (ICUs), especially with cancer, requiring prolonged catheterization, or receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics. The proportion of candiduria and candidemia caused by C. tropicalis varies widely with geographical area and patient group. Actually, in certain countries, C. tropicalis is more prevalent, even compared with C. albicans or other NCAC species. Although prophylactic treatments with fluconazole cause a decrease in the frequency of candidosis caused by C. tropicalis, it is increasingly showing a moderate level of fluconazole resistance. The propensity of C. tropicalis for dissemination and the high mortality associated with its infections might be strongly related to the potential of virulence factors exhibited by this species, such as adhesion to different host surfaces, biofilm formation, infection and dissemination, and enzymes secretion. Therefore, the aim of this review is to outline the present knowledge on all the above-mentioned C. tropicalis virulence traits.The authors acknowledge Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Brazil, for supporting Melyssa Negri (BEX 4642/06-6) and Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for supporting Sonia Silva (SFRH/BPD/71076/2010), and European Community fund FEDER, trough Program COMPETE under the Project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-007025 (PTDC/AMB/68393/2006) is gratefully acknowledged