Vacinação contra o sarampo: influência da idade em sua eficácia

The authors compare the serologic efficacy and the clinical protection afforded by three different measles vaccination schemes in adequately nourished children in São Paulo city, Brazil. Two hundred forty two children were divided into three groups. Group A, comprising 117 children who had received the vaccine before 12 months of age and a second dose at 12 months of age or more. Group B, comprising 46 children who had received only one dose, before 12 months of age. Group C, comprising 79 children who had received only one dose, at 12 months of age or more. The geometric mean titer of antibodies in Group A was 790.1; in Group B, 251.1; and in Group C, 550.3. There was no statistically significant difference between Groups A and C. The exposure to the measles virus was probably similar in all groups, and the children in Groups A and C had similar chances of acquiring the disease after vaccination whereas in Group B the chances were higher when compared to the other two groups. The results obtained in this study favor the use, in developing countries, of a vaccination program against measles that includes an early first dose at eight months of age and revaccination after 12 months of age.Os autores comparam a eficácia sorológica e a proteção clinica obtidas com três esquemas diferentes de vacinação contra o sarampo, em crianças eutróficas, na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Duzentas e quarenta e duas crianças foram divididas em três grupos. Grupo A, compreendendo 117 crianças primovacinadas antes dos 12 meses de idade e revacinadas com 12 ou mais meses de idade. Grupo B, compreendendo 46 crianças vacinadas com dose única, antes dos 12 meses de idade. Grupo C, compreendendo 79 crianças vacinadas com dose única, aos 12 ou mais meses de idade. A média geométrica do título de anticorpos no grupo A foi 790,1; no grupo B, 251,1; e no grupo C, 550,3. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos A e C. A exposição ao vírus do sarampo foi provavelmente semelhante em todos os grupos. As crianças dos grupos A e C apresentaram risco de adoecimento semelhante após vacinação, enquanto que tal risco foi maior no grupo B quando comparado aos outros dois grupos. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo falam a favor do uso, em países em desenvolvimento, de um programa de vacinação contra o sarampo que inclua uma primeira dose àos oito meses de idade e revacinação após os 12 meses de idade

Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in a cancer unit of a general hospital: predisposing factors and evaluation of the impact of intervention measures

We made a retrospective cohort study of a primary bloodstream infection outbreak in patients of a cancer unit in a general hospital, evaluated the impact of intervention measures and investigated the predisposing factors. The targeted predisposing factors were selected based on the medical literature. The data were treated with univariate analysis to calculate the relative risk, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The presence of a long-term totally-implanted central venous catheter appears to be a predisposing factor, while a peripheral venous catheter appears to have offered protection from infection. This is reinforced by fact that intervention measures controlled the outbreak, suggesting cross-contamination from a common source. These findings corroborate the fundamental role of the hospital infection control service in early intervention and reinforce the need for continued training of health professionals that perform this type of care