Insect salivary enzyme triggers systemic resistance

This invention includes the characterization of the major salivary protein or enzyme of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea for triggering resistance to bacterial blight and frogeye leaf spot in soybeans and for triggering resistance to insects in tomatoes. The invention includes an enzyme or a novel protein secreted from the salivary glands of certain insects including the saliva of species belonging to the order Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Application Potential Analysis of Enhanced Oil Recovery by Biopolymer-Producing Bacteria and Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria Compound Flooding

To study the feasibility of polymer-producing bacteria Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) FY-07 and surfactant-producing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa WJ-1 combined profile control and flooding, the compatibility of FY-07 and WJ-1 was evaluated using laboratory experiments. The results showed that the growth and metabolism of WJ-1 was not significantly affected by the FY-07 in the degradation medium, and the surface tension of fermentation broth was reduced from 70 mN/m to 30 mN/m. FY-07 enhanced the degradation of WJ-1, increasing the ratio of C14- to C15+ from 0.37 to 0.67. The core-flooding experiments indicated the oil recovery of 17.4% when both FY-07 and WJ-1 were injected into the system, as against to 10.4% and 7.9% for FY-07 and WJ-1, respectively, when injected alone. The results demonstrate a good compatibility between the FY-07 and WJ-1 strains and highlight the application potential of stain FY-07 and strain WJ-1 compound flooding for enhancing the oil recovery in heterogeneous reservoirs

Sensitivity analysis of sticking area for damping material

[Objectives] In order to improve the data sensitivity of current acoustic test methods on the construction quality of damping material, [Methods] the vibration level difference of single frequency points based on the Frequency Response Function(FRF)is proposed. Aiming at a general ship-based test bench, the hammering method is utilized to obtain testing data of the damping material before and after changing the sticking area. The damping factor, synthetic FRF level, vibration level difference of single frequency points and frequency spectrum of the typical measuring points are then used to carry out data processing and comparison analysis. The data sensitivity of abnormal sticking quality and the accuracy of identifying abnormal areas are then obtained. [Results] When using the vibration level difference of single frequency points for the identification of abnormal sticking quality in damping material, the data deviation is less than 1 dB when the damping material makes complete contact, and more than 2 dB when the sticking quality is changed as the frequency point. [Conclusions] The method of using the vibration level difference of single frequency points is characterized by high data sensitivity, low data amount and accurate identification of abnormal areas, making it worthy of application

Trace Sulfur Accelerated Peroxydisulfate Activation Based on a ZIF-67-Derived Nanostructure for Carbamazepine Degradation

Sulfate-radical-based wastewater treatment has received great interest due to its high-level efficiency. However, the preparation of stable and recyclable nanocatalysts remains a challenge. Herein, a highly efficient catalyst (FeCo/SC) for persulfate activation is successfully synthesized via dispersing S and Fe into carbon skeletons derived from ZIF-67. After the introduction of S, FeCo/SC exhibited excellent catalytic performance. With the action of SO4–•, Fe(VI), and 1O2, the degradation efficiency of carbamazepine (CBZ) (10 mg L–1) could be up to 97.9 ± 2% within 10 min. The results showed that the larger surface area after S doping decreases the electron transfer resistance. The S0/S2– is beneficial for promoting the Fe(III)-to-Fe(II) and Co(III)-to-Co(II) conversion cycle. Moreover, the liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS), density functional theory (DFT), and ecological structure–activity relationships (ECOSAR) revealed the possible degradation pathway of CBZ, which was a toxicity attenuation process. In consequence, this work offers an innovative scheme for researching the effect of trace S-doped bimetallic oxide nanoparticles on PDS heterogeneous catalytic systems

RNA-dependent chromatin targeting of TET2 for endogenous retrovirus control in pluripotent stem cells

Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins play key roles in the regulation of DNA-methylation status by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to generate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which can both serve as a stable epigenetic mark and participate in active demethylation. Unlike the other members of the TET family, TET2 does not contain a DNA-binding domain, and it remains unclear how it is recruited to chromatin. Here we show that TET2 is recruited by the RNA-binding protein Paraspeckle component 1 (PSPC1) through transcriptionally active loci, including endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) whose long terminal repeats (LTRs) have been co-opted by mammalian genomes as stage- and tissue-specific transcriptional regulatory modules. We found that PSPC1 and TET2 contribute to ERVL and ERVL-associated gene regulation by both transcriptional repression via histone deacetylases and post-transcriptional destabilization of RNAs through 5hmC modification. Our findings provide evidence for a functional role of transcriptionally active ERVs as specific docking sites for RNA epigenetic modulation and gene regulation