1,016 research outputs found

    Interval-valued fuzzy graphs

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    We define the Cartesian product, composition, union and join on interval-valued fuzzy graphs and investigate some of their properties. We also introduce the notion of interval-valued fuzzy complete graphs and present some properties of self complementary and self weak complementary interval-valued fuzzy complete graphs

    Directional solidification of aluminum-nickel eutectic alloys using electroslag remelting

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    Attempts were made to produce directionally solidified, specifically grain aligned Al-6 wt pct Ni eutectic alloy using a laboratory scale ESR unit. For this purpose sand cast alloy electrodes were electroslag remelted under different mold conditions. The grain structure of the ingots obtained from these meltings showed that insulated silica molds gave the best vertical alignment of grains along the length of the ingot. The NiAl3 fibers within the grains tended to fan out and there was only a preferred alignment of fibers along the growth direction under the conditions of our experiments. The ESR parameters most suitable for vertical alignment of eutectic grains have been identified. In some electroslag remelting trials ingots were grown on a seed ingot. This resulted in a fewer vertical grains compared to the case when no seed ingot was used. The sand cast specimen of the eutectic exhibited a maximum tensile strength of around 88.2 MN/m2 (9.0 kg/mm2) whereas conventional ESR using water cooled mold gave strength value of 98.0 MN/m2 (10 kg/mm2). The directionally solidified ESR material showed longitudinal tensile strength as high as 213.7 MN/m2 (21.8 kg/mm2) which could be further increased to 220.6 MN/m2 (22.5 kg/mm2) by using the seed ingot. The average growth rate was varied between 5 to 25 mm/min during electroslag remelting in this study. The flow stresses, tangent modulus and ultimate tensile strength of directionally solidified eutectic increased with increasing growth rates

    Comparison of effects of diet versus exercise weight loss regimens on LDL and HDL particle size in obese adults

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Obesity is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile characterized by a predominance of small LDL and HDL particles. Weight loss, by dietary restriction or exercise, increases LDL particle size. Whether these interventions can augment HDL size <it>in conjunction </it>with LDL size remains unknown.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>This study compared the effects of alternate day fasting (ADF), calorie restriction (CR), and endurance exercise on LDL and HDL particle size in overweight and obese subjects.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In a 12-week parallel-arm trial, adult subjects (n = 60) were randomized to 1 of 4 groups: 1) ADF (75% energy restriction for 24-h alternated with ad libitum feeding for 24-h), 2) CR (25% energy restriction every day), 3) exercise (moderate intensity training 3 x/week), or 4) control.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Body weight was reduced (<it>P </it>< 0.001) by ADF, CR, and exercise (5.2 ± 1.1%, 5.0 ± 1.4%, 5.1 ± 0.9%, respectively). Plasma LDL cholesterol decreased (<it>P </it>< 0.05) with ADF (10 ± 4%) and CR (8 ± 4%), whereas HDL cholesterol increased (<it>P </it>< 0.05) with exercise (16 ± 5%). Integrated LDL particle size was augmented (<it>P </it>= 0.01) by ADF and CR. The proportion of small LDL particles decreased (<it>P </it>= 0.04) with ADF only, and the proportion of large HDL particles increased (<it>P </it>= 0.03) with exercise only.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results indicate that dietary restriction increases LDL particle size, while endurance training augments HDL particle size, with minimal weight loss. None of these interventions concomitantly increased both LDL and HDL particle size, however.</p

    Inhibitors of pancreatic lipase

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    Obesity is a disorder of lipid metabolism and continues to be a global problem, ranking fifth for deaths worldwide. It also leads to diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, musculoskeletal disorders and some types of cancer. Obesity is regarded as the output of a long-term imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Digestion and absorption of dietary lipids by pancreatic lipase, a major source of excess calorie intake, can be targeted for development of anti-obesity agents. Being the major factor of concern, food materials and edible plants are most widely studied for the anti-obesity activity, so that they can be incorporated in the routine diet. In this review, an attempt was made to present a current scenario of the bioactive compounds from plant and microbial origin that have been investigated for their pancreatic lipase inhibition. Compounds belonging to various classes of natural products such as alkaloids, carotenoids, glycosides, polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponins and terpenoids are well studied while lipophilic compounds from microbial sources are the most active against the pancreatic lipase. Few studies on the synthetic analogues, structurally similar to the triglycerides have been described in the review. Despite of tremendous research on the finding of potential pancreatic lipase inhibitor, very few compounds have entered the clinical studies and no new molecule after orlistat has been marketed. Along with HTS based screening, detailed structure-activity relationship studies on semi-synthetic and synthetic derivatives might also provide a direction for the development of potential lead(s) or pharmacophore for pancreatic lipase inhibition in order to treat and/or prevent obesity and related disorders

    Dietary and physical activity adaptations to alternate day modified fasting: implications for optimal weight loss

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Alternate day modified fasting (ADMF) is an effective strategy for weight loss in obese adults.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>The objective of this study was to examine the dietary and physical activity adaptations that occur during short-term ADMF, and to determine how these modulations affect rate of weight loss.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sixteen obese subjects (12 women/4 men) completed a 10-week trial consisting of 3 phases: 1) 2-week control phase, 2) 4-week ADMF controlled feeding phase, and 3) 4-week ADMF self-selected feeding phase.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Body weight decreased (<it>P </it>< 0.001) by 5.6 ± 1.0 kg post-treatment. Energy intake on the fast day was 26 ± 3% of baseline needs (501 ± 28 kcal/d). No hyperphagic response occurred on the feed day (95 ± 6% of baseline needs consumed, 1801 ± 226 kcal/d). Daily energy restriction (37 ± 7%) was correlated to rate of weight loss (<it>r </it>= 0.42, <it>P </it>= 0.01). Dietary fat intake decreased (36% to 33% of kcal, <it>P </it>< 0.05) with dietary counseling, and was related to rate of weight loss (<it>r </it>= 0.38, <it>P </it>= 0.03). Hunger on the fast day decreased (<it>P </it>< 0.05) by week 2, and remained low. Habitual physical activity was maintained throughout the study (fast day: 6416 ± 851 steps/d; feed day: 6569 ± 910 steps/d).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings indicate that obese subjects quickly adapt to ADMF, and that changes in energy/macronutrient intake, hunger, and maintenance of physical activity play a role in influencing rate of weight loss by ADMF.</p

    on degrees of end nodes and cut nodes in fuzzy graphs,

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    Abstract. The notion of strong arcs in a fuzzy graph was introduced by Bhutani and Rosenfeld i

    Sodium Alginate and Gelatin Hydrogels: Viscosity Effect on Hydrophobic Drug Release

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    Blend of biodegradable hydrogels like sodium alginate/gelatin (SA/G) usually requires use of chemical cross-linkers to remain stable in aqueous media for drug delivery applications. This study targets the feasibility of having an entire spectrum of a model hydrophobic drug (piperine) release i.e. from burst to controlled release, by varying polymer viscosity and molecular weight of plasticizer with minimal use of cross-linkers. Swelling study, drug-polymer interactions and morphology analysis reveal the impact of viscosity variation on polymer matrix

    Impaired wound healing secondary to bevacizumab

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    Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150555/1/iwj13139_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150555/2/iwj13139.pd
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