The effect of premature extraction of primary teeth on the subsequent need for orthodontic treatment.

Aim: This was primarily to examine the effect of premature extraction of primary teeth (PEPT) on subsequent malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment in the permanent dentition. The secondary aim was to correlate the effect of PEPT with loss of space in the primary and mixed dentitions. Methods: A predefined protocol was developed and registered prospectively with PROSPERO database. The electronic databases, searched, were MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The study designs considered for inclusion were controlled trials, cohort, and case-control studies. Risk of bias was assessed using a validated quality assessment tool. Results: 513 studies were identified. Sixteen studies were included in the systematic review, one study reported on malocclusion, and 15 studies reported on space changes. Narrative synthesis was undertaken owing to the heterogeneity of the included studies. No study examined the effect of PEPT on orthodontic need. Most studies reported on space dimensions used a split-mouth design and were at a high risk of bias. Conclusions: The included literature identified that PEPT led to various features of malocclusion and space loss in the mixed and permanent dentitions. No studies, that met the inclusion criteria, described the effect of PEPT on the subsequent need for orthodontic treatment

Regenerative Endodontic Therapy in the Management of Nonvital Immature Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review—Outcome Evaluation and Meta-analysis

Introduction: Although the protocols in previously published studies appeared to be largely similar, there were inadequate evidence-based guidelines to support a single protocol. Using a meta-analysis, this systematic review aimed to summarize and quantitatively evaluate the outcomes for nonvital immature permanent teeth treated using the regenerative endodontic technique (RET) as well as critically appraise the level and quality of evidence of the existing publications. Methods: Risk of bias assessment and level of evidence grading were performed on all included studies. Meta-analyses using a random effects model were performed to combine the results of randomized controlled trials. The pooled success rate for each exposure was estimated for each outcome (event rates with 95% confidence intervals). The outcomes of all included studies were summarized. Results: Success rates for tooth survival and resolution of periapical pathosis were excellent; however, results for apical closure and continued root development were inconsistent. There are few well-reported randomized prospective clinical studies. Reporting of long-term outcomes and late-stage effects was sparse. No study evaluated health economic outcomes and improvements to patients' quality of life. Conclusions: Many knowledge gaps still exist within the studies published. Current published evidence is unable to provide definitive conclusions on the predictability of RET outcomes

Optimization of Phosphorus Fertilizer in Supplemental Feed‐Fed Based Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Ponds

An experiment was conducted in earthen ponds at the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand to determine different phosphorus fertilizer dose effects on Nile tilapia production, water quality variables, nutrient utilization and cost‐benefit under supplemental feeding. Five phosphorus fertilization rates were used as treatments e.g. 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% of 7 kg P ha week−1. Nitrogen fertilization rate was fixed at 28 kg N ha week−1 for all the treatments. Sex‐reversed Nile tilapia were stocked at 3 fish m−2, and 30% CP floating feed fed at 50% satiation feeding rate. Nutrient budget showed higher phosphorus fertilizer input resulted in higher phosphorus sink in the sediment. Mean weight, mean weight gain, daily weight gain and net yield were not significantly different among treatments (P > 0.05). Total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus were significantly different among treatments. Economic analysis showed phosphorus fertilization resulted in positive net returns. Though the gross income was not affected by different fertilization rates, significantly lowest cost was found in the treatment using 25% phosphorus fertilizer. It can be concluded from the research that 25% phosphorus fertilization might be used as an alternative strategy of Nile tilapia pond culture in terms of economic return and nutrient loss in sediment.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115936/1/are12444.pd

Novel truncating mutations in CTNND1 cause a dominant craniofacial and cardiac syndrome.

CTNND1 encodes the p120-catenin (p120) protein, which has a wide range of functions, including the maintenance of cell-cell junctions, regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and transcriptional signalling. Due to advances in next-generation sequencing, CTNND1 has been implicated in human diseases including cleft palate and blepharocheilodontic (BCD) syndrome albeit only recently. In this study, we identify eight novel protein-truncating variants, six de novo, in 13 participants from nine families presenting with craniofacial dysmorphisms including cleft palate and hypodontia, as well as congenital cardiac anomalies, limb dysmorphologies and neurodevelopmental disorders. Using conditional deletions in mice as well as CRISPR/Cas9 approaches to target CTNND1 in Xenopus, we identified a subset of phenotypes that can be linked to p120-catenin in epithelial integrity and turnover, and additional phenotypes that suggest mesenchymal roles of CTNND1. We propose that CTNND1 variants have a wider developmental role than previously described and that variations in this gene underlie not only cleft palate and BCD but may be expanded to a broader velocardiofacial-like syndrome

The effect of premature extraction of primary teeth on the subsequent need for orthodontic treatment.

AIM: To investigate if premature extraction of primary teeth was associated with orthodontic need in the permanent dentition. STUDY DESIGN: This was a case-control study based on retrospective dental records. METHODS: As part of NHS (UK) Dental Epidemiology Programme a sample of 366, 12-year-old children from Bradford and Airedale were examined. The survey collected data on patient demographics, dental health status including orthodontic need. Data linkage was undertaken for those children participating in the NHS Dental Epidemiology Programme who had previously accessed the local Salaried Dental Service (SDS). For these children, retrospective dental information was collected about premature extraction of primary teeth. RESULTS: From the 366 children who were surveyed, 116 children had received treatment at the local SDS in the past. Significantly more children from ethnic minorities, low socioeconomic backgrounds and high caries rate (p < 0.001) were seen in the SDS. For the 107 children who attended SDS, an increased total number of primary teeth extractions was positively associated with orthodontic need (odds ratio:1.18, CI -1.01 to 1.37). STATISCTICS: Multilevel modelling was undertaken to identify variables associated with orthodontic need. CONCLUSIONS: In the study group, orthodontic need was significantly associated with the number of primary teeth extracted

A review of contemporary inhalation sedation guidelines and regulations related to treating children

Inhalation sedation (IS) with nitrous oxide (N2O) is classified as minimal sedation. In paediatric dentistry, IS works well for mildly anxious but potentially cooperative children, reducing the need for general anaesthesia for simple dental procedures. We review contemporary guidelines relating to ISN2O in Australasia, the UK, Europe and the US. As this is a multispecialty area, with differences in laws, regulations, guidance and governance from country to country, this review aims to illuminate global trends and assist with the designing of local regulations for the safe practice of ISN2O

An Empirical Analysis of Resource Productivity of Wheat in Eastern Tarai Region of Nepal

ABSTRACT Different types of resource conservation technology (RCT) in wheat cultivation have been recently introduced and use of seed cum fertilizer zero till drill machine is one of them which was used in eastern terai region in wheat season of 2006/2007. A survey was carried out to study the productivity of wheat and compare the production between traditional and RCT method of cultivation. Altogether 31 farmers were interviewed with semi-structured questionnaires. Model used to estimate the productivity for both the methods was significant (p &lt; 0.01) which explained 96 and 97 per cent variation due to independent variables under study in wheat production of traditional and RCT method, respectively. Farmers used 160 kg seed/ha in traditional method while in RCT method it was 122 kg/ha. Similarly, they applied 148 and 137 kg nutrients as a total of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash in traditional and RCT method, respectively. Average production of wheat grain in traditional and RCT method was 2456 and 2714 kg/ha giving average gross margin of Rs 16750.00 and Rs 23301.00/ha, respectively. This revealed 10 per cent reduction in total costs and 29 per cent increase in return by RCT method

Common things are common: a case series of oral foreign bodies in paediatric patients

Reports of foreign bodies in the oral cavity are few in number. Three cases of children of varying ages, presenting with oral foreign bodies, and their subsequent diagnosis and management, are described. The importance of considering foreign bodies, as part of a differential diagnosis in paediatric patients, where aetiology is uncertain and clinical appearance is unusual, is highlighted. </jats:p