Latest Trends in Novel Applications of Various Heat Exchangers for Enhancement of Heat Transfer

A heat exchanger is equipment used for transfer of heat from one medium to other medium. Heat exchangers are fundamental parts in many process industries (such as power plants or the chemical and the food industries), and as heat recovery units in the operation of many systems (such as domestic hot water production, space heating or car engines).In a compact structure of cryogenic and other industrial applications for enhancement of heat transfer, coil heat exchangers are generally used. Currently, increase in efficiency of heat exchanger and heat transfer rate of heat exchanger, lots of researchers are working on it

Chronic kidney disease in gout in a managed care setting

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To study the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its impact on allopurinol dosing and uric acid control among patients with gout.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was a retrospective study using data from a large US health plan. Claims and laboratory data were analyzed for enrollees from the health plan database from January 2002 through December 2005. Patients with gout were identified from pharmacy and medical claims data based on the presence of codes for gout medication or gout diagnosis. Severity of CKD was determined using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Allopurinol titration was defined as a change in average daily dose from first prescription to last prescription of ≥ 50 mg.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 3,929 patients were identified for inclusion in this study, 39% of whom had CKD (based on having an eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m²). Subjects with CKD were older (p < 0.01) and more likely to be women (p < 0.01), had a greater number of comorbid conditions (p < 0.01), and were more likely to be prescribed allopurinol (p < 0.01) compared to those with no CKD. The average starting dose of allopurinol was lower among those with CKD, and it decreased with worsening kidney function. Among the 3,122 gout patients who used allopurinol, only 25.6% without CKD and 22.2% with CKD achieved a serum uric acid concentration of < 6.0 mg/dL (p = 0.0409). Also, only 15% of allopurinol users had an upward dose titration (by ≥50 mg), but the average increase in dose did not differ significantly between those with and without CKD.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>About two out of every five patients with gout in this population had CKD. Allopurinol doses were not adjusted in the majority of CKD patients. Serum uric acid control in gout was poor among patients without CKD and even worse among those with CKD.</p

A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF APPLICATION OF EXTENDED SURFACES (FINS) FOR ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER

Extended Surfaces (Fins) are widely used in the engineering field for enhancement of heat transfer rate by increasing surface area with additional material attachment. In many applications like heat exchangers, for economizer, cooling reactor core, electrical transformer and motors, automobile applications, rectifier, etc fins are used for better heat transfer. This paper is about an overview of various types of fins, their classification, their geometries, materials used for it, design considerations and applications with some case studies of thermal simulation and some special applications

A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF APPLICATION OF EXTENDED SURFACES (FINS) FOR ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER

Extended Surfaces (Fins) are widely used in the engineering field for enhancement of heat transfer rate by increasing surface area with additional material attachment. In many applications like heat exchangers, for economizer, cooling reactor core, electrical transformer and motors, automobile applications, rectifier, etc fins are used for better heat transfer. This paper is about an overview of various types of fins, their classification, their geometries, materials used for it, design considerations and applications with some case studies of thermal simulation and some special applications