Estimation of (Cl-Mn)/Fe flux ratio at relativistic energies using steady-state leaky-box model modified for reaccelerations

The (Cl-Mn)OFe flux ratio at the top of the atmosphere has been estimated from source composition. We have adopted the SSLB model modified for weak shocks to estimate the enhancement of (Cl-Mn)OFe flux ratio due to reacceleration. The observed active detector results of Lezniak and Webber, Caldwell, Orth et al., Engelmann et al., and our passive detector results are fairly supported by the expected results from the SSLB model modified with reacceleration after Ferrando for energies G100 GeVOn

Utjecaj reakceleracije na brojnost antiprotona u svemiru i njihovo slabljenje u atmosferi

An estimation has been made of the influence of reaccelaration on the abundance of secondary ¯p flux in the interstellar medium, initiated by primary cosmic ray proton collisions in the confined p+He gases in the medium. The calculated ¯p spectrum and ¯p/p flux ratio have been compared with the calculated results of Simon and Heinbach and also with the experimental data of Golden et al. and Hof et al. The present derivation is based on the production of antiprotons in the atmosphere by primary protons at several small depths. The results are also presented as ratios relative to the secondary ¯p flux at depth of 1 gm/cm2 of atmosphere. Another investigation has been made of the energy spectrum of atmospheric antiprotons from primary elemental spectra obtained from the direct measurements using the active and passive detectors borne by balloons and satellites, fitted using a standard propagation diffusion equation and the Z factors from accelerator interaction cross-sections.Načinili smo ocjenu utjecaja reakceleracije na brojnost sekundarnih ¯p u međuzvjezdanom prostoru, koji nastaju sudarima prvotnih protona u ograničenom prostoru mješavine protona i He. Izračunali smo spektar ¯p i omjere ¯p /p te ih usporedili s ishodima računa Simona i Heinbacha i s ishodima mjerenja Goldena i sur. i Hofa i sur. Sadašnji se račun zasniva na tvorbi antiprotona u atmosferi prvotnim protonima u nizu slojeva male debljine. Ishodi računa također se prikazuju kao omjeri prema toku ¯p u dubini atmosfere od 1 gm/cm2. Daljnje istraživanje koje smo načinili su energijski spektri atmosferskih antiprotona od prvotnih elementalnih snopova, koje su mjerili aktivnim i pasivnim detektorima nošenim balonima ili satelitima, a prilagodili smo ih primjenom standardne difuzijske jednadžbe i Z faktora odredenih mjerenjima udarnih presjeka pomoću akceleratora

Utjecaj reakceleracije na brojnost antiprotona u svemiru i njihovo slabljenje u atmosferi

An estimation has been made of the influence of reaccelaration on the abundance of secondary ¯p flux in the interstellar medium, initiated by primary cosmic ray proton collisions in the confined p+He gases in the medium. The calculated ¯p spectrum and ¯p/p flux ratio have been compared with the calculated results of Simon and Heinbach and also with the experimental data of Golden et al. and Hof et al. The present derivation is based on the production of antiprotons in the atmosphere by primary protons at several small depths. The results are also presented as ratios relative to the secondary ¯p flux at depth of 1 gm/cm2 of atmosphere. Another investigation has been made of the energy spectrum of atmospheric antiprotons from primary elemental spectra obtained from the direct measurements using the active and passive detectors borne by balloons and satellites, fitted using a standard propagation diffusion equation and the Z factors from accelerator interaction cross-sections.Načinili smo ocjenu utjecaja reakceleracije na brojnost sekundarnih ¯p u međuzvjezdanom prostoru, koji nastaju sudarima prvotnih protona u ograničenom prostoru mješavine protona i He. Izračunali smo spektar ¯p i omjere ¯p /p te ih usporedili s ishodima računa Simona i Heinbacha i s ishodima mjerenja Goldena i sur. i Hofa i sur. Sadašnji se račun zasniva na tvorbi antiprotona u atmosferi prvotnim protonima u nizu slojeva male debljine. Ishodi računa također se prikazuju kao omjeri prema toku ¯p u dubini atmosfere od 1 gm/cm2. Daljnje istraživanje koje smo načinili su energijski spektri atmosferskih antiprotona od prvotnih elementalnih snopova, koje su mjerili aktivnim i pasivnim detektorima nošenim balonima ili satelitima, a prilagodili smo ih primjenom standardne difuzijske jednadžbe i Z faktora odredenih mjerenjima udarnih presjeka pomoću akceleratora

Constraints on Fluid Dynamics from Equilibrium Partition Functions

We study the thermal partition function of quantum field theories on arbitrary stationary background spacetime, and with arbitrary stationary background gauge fields, in the long wavelength expansion. We demonstrate that the equations of relativistic hydrodynamics are significantly constrained by the requirement of consistency with any partition function. In examples at low orders in the derivative expansion we demonstrate that these constraints coincide precisely with the equalities between hydrodynamical transport coefficients that follow from the local form of the second law of thermodynamics. In particular we recover the results of Son and Surowka on the chiral magnetic and chiral vorticity flows, starting from a local partition function that manifestly reproduces the field theory anomaly, without making any reference to an entropy current. We conjecture that the relations between transport coefficients that follow from the second law of thermodynamics agree to all orders in the derivative expansion with the constraints described in this paper.Comment: Typos corrected, References adde

Fluid dynamics of R-charged black holes

We construct electrically charged AdS_5 black hole solutions whose charge, mass and boost-parameters vary slowly with the space-time coordinates. From the perspective of the dual theory, these are equivalent to hydrodynamic configurations with varying chemical potential, temperature and velocity fields. We compute the boundary theory transport coefficients associated with a derivative expansion of the energy momentum tensor and R-charge current up to second order. In particular, we find a first order transport coefficient associated with the axial component of the current.Comment: 31 pages, v2: published version; added some references, discussion of the charge-current changed, results unchanged, v3: typo in formula (15) changed, v4: added footnote 3 in order to clarify the relation of our results to those of arXiv:0809.259

Statistical Geometry in Quantum Mechanics

A statistical model M is a family of probability distributions, characterised by a set of continuous parameters known as the parameter space. This possesses natural geometrical properties induced by the embedding of the family of probability distributions into the Hilbert space H. By consideration of the square-root density function we can regard M as a submanifold of the unit sphere in H. Therefore, H embodies the `state space' of the probability distributions, and the geometry of M can be described in terms of the embedding of in H. The geometry in question is characterised by a natural Riemannian metric (the Fisher-Rao metric), thus allowing us to formulate the principles of classical statistical inference in a natural geometric setting. In particular, we focus attention on the variance lower bounds for statistical estimation, and establish generalisations of the classical Cramer-Rao and Bhattacharyya inequalities. The statistical model M is then specialised to the case of a submanifold of the state space of a quantum mechanical system. This is pursued by introducing a compatible complex structure on the underlying real Hilbert space, which allows the operations of ordinary quantum mechanics to be reinterpreted in the language of real Hilbert space geometry. The application of generalised variance bounds in the case of quantum statistical estimation leads to a set of higher order corrections to the Heisenberg uncertainty relations for canonically conjugate observables.Comment: 32 pages, LaTex file, Extended version to include quantum measurement theor

Constraints on Superfluid Hydrodynamics from Equilibrium Partition Functions

Following up on recent work in the context of ordinary fluids, we study the equilibrium partition function of a 3+1 dimensional superfluid on an arbitrary stationary background spacetime, and with arbitrary stationary background gauge fields, in the long wavelength expansion. We argue that this partition function is generated by a 3 dimensional Euclidean effective action for the massless Goldstone field. We parameterize the general form of this action at first order in the derivative expansion. We demonstrate that the constitutive relations of relativistic superfluid hydrodynamics are significantly constrained by the requirement of consistency with such an effective action. At first order in the derivative expansion we demonstrate that the resultant constraints on constitutive relations coincide precisely with the equalities between hydrodynamical transport coefficients recently derived from the second law of thermodynamics.Comment: 46 page