Enhancement of dronogram aid to visual interpretation of target objects via intuitionistic fuzzy hesitant sets

In this paper, we address the hesitant information in enhancement task often caused by differences in image contrast. Enhancement approaches generally use certain filters which generate artifacts or are unable to recover all the objects details in images. Typically, the contrast of an image quantifies a unique ratio between the amounts of black and white through a single pixel. However, contrast is better represented by a group of pix- els. We have proposed a novel image enhancement scheme based on intuitionistic hesi- tant fuzzy sets (IHFSs) for drone images (dronogram) to facilitate better interpretations of target objects. First, a given dronogram is divided into foreground and background areas based on an estimated threshold from which the proposed model measures the amount of black/white intensity levels. Next, we fuzzify both of them and determine the hesitant score indicated by the distance between the two areas for each point in the fuzzy plane. Finally, a hyperbolic operator is adopted for each membership grade to improve the pho- tographic quality leading to enhanced results via defuzzification. The proposed method is tested on a large drone image database. Results demonstrate better contrast enhancement, improved visual quality, and better recognition compared to the state-of-the-art methods.Web of Science500866

Assessment of serum nitrate-nitrite ratio vis-a-vis insulin sensitivity and resistance in type 2 diabetics in a tertiary hospital in Eastern India

Background: Insulin Resistance is of paramount importance in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus along with endothelial dysfunction is mediated by Nitric Oxide (NO). Central to this endothelial dysfunction is the action of Insulin on the Nitric oxide synthase enzyme. Since NO cannot be measured because of its short half-life, metabolites of NO (namely nitrite and nitrate) are measured towards assessing their relationship along with different direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance in patients of Diabetes Mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Aim of the study was to assess the level of Insulin resistance with the direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance in patients of Diabetes Mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.Methods: Blood samples from newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic patients were assayed for fasting and postprandial sugar and insulin, lipid profile and serum nitrate and nitrite and different anthropological parameters were measured. After that, HOMA-IR and QUICKI’ index were measured.Results: Values of anthropological parameters and the direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance showed statistically significant difference between cases and controls. Bivariate analysis of post-prandial blood glucose showed strong co-relation with HOMA-IR while serum total nitrate-nitrite ratio showed a strong co-relation with QUICKI.Conclusions: Serum nitrate-nitrite ratio showed a strong co-relation with HOMA-IR and QUICKI. The significance of this study lies in the fact that measurement of the serum nitrate-nitrite may give an idea of the level of insulin resistance of a diabetic patient

Spektroskopska mjerenja prijelaza D2 Rb u ovisnosti o temperaturi i snazi sa i bez Dopplerovog efekta

An external-cavity diode-laser spectrometer has been set up for high-resolution measurement of line shapes of the RbD2 transitions. Temperature-dependent fine-structure measurements are carried out in a free-running temperature condition by using frequency ramps for repetitive current tuning over a region of 17 GHz, encompassing all of the four Doppler broadened transitions of the two isotopes in an almost collision-free region. The Doppler broadened widths extracted from temperature-dependent line shapes, on least squares fitting to observed data, lead to an estimation of root-means-square velocities of vapour atoms under varying temperature conditions. Saturated-absorption spectroscopic measurements show complete resolution of the hyperfine Lamb dips and crossover resonance dips of one 87RbD2 transition. Data recorded from power-dependent measurement of one of unresolved 85RbD2 transitions are analyzed to obtain the saturation parameter and power broadening coefficient. The linewidths of different fully resolved Lamb dips of the hyperfine and crossover-resonance components are not the same, suggesting differences in their natural linewidths.Pomoću diodnog lasera s vanjskim rezonatorom načinili smo mjerenja oblika linija prijelaza D2 Rb. Mjerenja temperaturne ovisnosti fine strukture izveli smo u uvjetima slobodno promjenljive temperature, upotrebom frekventne rampe za ponavljanje struje, podešene za područje 17 GHz koje obuhvaća sva četiri Dopplerovim efektom proširena prijelaza dvaju izotopa Rb u uvjetima gotovo bez sudara. Širenje linija Dopplerovim efektom u ovisnosti o temperaturi, utvrđeno metodom najmanjih kvadrata, daje korijene iz srednjih kvadrata brzina atoma u parama. Spektroskopska mjerenja sa zasićenom apsorpcijom pokazuju potpuno razlučivanje hiperfinih Lambovih i preskočnih rezonantnih minimuma prijelaza D2 87Rb. Podatke iz mjerenja ovisnosti o snazi za nerazlučeni prijelaz D2 85Rb smo analizirali radi dobivanja parametara zasićenja i koeficijenta širenja sa snagom. Širine potpuno razlučenih linija hiperfinih Lambovih i preskočnih rezonantnih minimuma nisu jednake, što ukazuje na različitost njihovih prirodnih širina

Spektroskopska mjerenja prijelaza D2 Rb u ovisnosti o temperaturi i snazi sa i bez Dopplerovog efekta

An external-cavity diode-laser spectrometer has been set up for high-resolution measurement of line shapes of the RbD2 transitions. Temperature-dependent fine-structure measurements are carried out in a free-running temperature condition by using frequency ramps for repetitive current tuning over a region of 17 GHz, encompassing all of the four Doppler broadened transitions of the two isotopes in an almost collision-free region. The Doppler broadened widths extracted from temperature-dependent line shapes, on least squares fitting to observed data, lead to an estimation of root-means-square velocities of vapour atoms under varying temperature conditions. Saturated-absorption spectroscopic measurements show complete resolution of the hyperfine Lamb dips and crossover resonance dips of one 87RbD2 transition. Data recorded from power-dependent measurement of one of unresolved 85RbD2 transitions are analyzed to obtain the saturation parameter and power broadening coefficient. The linewidths of different fully resolved Lamb dips of the hyperfine and crossover-resonance components are not the same, suggesting differences in their natural linewidths.Pomoću diodnog lasera s vanjskim rezonatorom načinili smo mjerenja oblika linija prijelaza D2 Rb. Mjerenja temperaturne ovisnosti fine strukture izveli smo u uvjetima slobodno promjenljive temperature, upotrebom frekventne rampe za ponavljanje struje, podešene za područje 17 GHz koje obuhvaća sva četiri Dopplerovim efektom proširena prijelaza dvaju izotopa Rb u uvjetima gotovo bez sudara. Širenje linija Dopplerovim efektom u ovisnosti o temperaturi, utvrđeno metodom najmanjih kvadrata, daje korijene iz srednjih kvadrata brzina atoma u parama. Spektroskopska mjerenja sa zasićenom apsorpcijom pokazuju potpuno razlučivanje hiperfinih Lambovih i preskočnih rezonantnih minimuma prijelaza D2 87Rb. Podatke iz mjerenja ovisnosti o snazi za nerazlučeni prijelaz D2 85Rb smo analizirali radi dobivanja parametara zasićenja i koeficijenta širenja sa snagom. Širine potpuno razlučenih linija hiperfinih Lambovih i preskočnih rezonantnih minimuma nisu jednake, što ukazuje na različitost njihovih prirodnih širina

Assessment of ecosystem services of rice farms in eastern India

Authors acknowledge the financial help provided by Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India and also thank Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Director, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI) for giving all the necessary help in executing the work. The help provided by Odisha state officials in carrying out the survey work is gratefully acknowledged. This study is a part of the project entitled “Delivering food security on limited land (DEVIL; Belmont Forum / FACCE-JPI via NERC: NE/M021327/1).Peer reviewedPublisher PD