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Not AvailableAn experiment was designed to assess the effect of in ovo and pre-starter amino acid supplementation on growth performance and immune response of broiler chicken. Two hundred and sixty Cobb broiler eggs of uniform size were set for incubation. The fertile eggs were divided into two groups; one group was administered with in ovo amino acid solution (lysine 22 mg, methionine 10 mg and threonine 16 mg per egg) into the amniotic cavity on day 18 of incubation and other group remained without administration. After hatching, the chicks from each of the two groups were further sub-divided into two groups (with or without post-hatch amino acid supplementation) resulting in four groups. The post-hatch supplemented groups were fed a diet supplemented with 25% higher level of amino acids (lysine 1.68 mg, methionine 0.63 mg and threonine 0.99 mg). Consequently, group I served as a control without in ovo and without post-hatch supplementation, group II was without in ovo and with post-hatch supplementation, group III was with in ovo and without post-hatch supplementation, and group IV was with in ovo and with posthatch supplementation. The results showed a decreased hatchability on in ovo administration of amino acids. Chick weight and egg weight did not vary significantly (P>0.05). The BW gain, feed intake and FCR during 0–3 weeks of age did not differ (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. On the other hand, in ovo administration of amino acids alone or in combination with post-hatch supplemented diet significantly (P0.05) in terms of in ovo, post-hatch supplementation or their interaction. The in ovo or post-hatch supplementation of amino acids diet did not influence (P>0.05) the weights of digestive organs except for significantly (P>0.05) higher breast meat weight in post-hatch supplemented diet. It is concluded that supplementation of lysine, methionine and threonine in ovo and in pre-starter diet is beneficial for growth and breast meat yield of broiler chicken.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present work was carried out to investigate the global gene expression profile to search deferentially expressed candidate transcripts between parthenogenetic and in vitro–fertilized (IVF) caprine morula. For this study, total RNA was isolated from diploid parthenogenetic and IVF embryos, and complementary DNA was synthesized. Microarray and relative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed to check global gene expression profile and validation, respectively. According to the microarray analysis, the total number of up regulated (UR) and down regulated (DR) genes was 613 and 220, respectively in diploid parthenogenetic morula as compared with IVF morula. The number of genes showing about two-, two- to five-, five- to 10-, 10- to 20-, and above 20-fold UR and DR genes was 147, 229, 122, 59, and 56 and 94, 73, 18, 13, and 22, respectively. Five UR genes validated (PTEN, PHF3, CTNNB1, SELK, and NPDC1) and all of them were significantly higher in parthenotes, which was in accordance with microarray results, whereas the expression of DR (AURKC and KLF15) genes were down regulated in parthenotes as observed in microarray results but the difference was not significant (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate differential expression of a large number of genes in parthenotes compared with IVF embryos, which may be the reason for aberrant parthenogenetic embryo development in caprine species.National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Government of India

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Not AvailableThe present work was carried out to investigate the global gene expression profile to search differentially expressed candidate transcripts between parthenogenetic and in vitro-fertilized (IVF) caprine morula. For this study, total RNA was isolated from diploid parthenogenetic and IVF embryos, and complementary DNA was synthesized. Microarray and relative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed to check global gene expression profile and validation, respectively. According to the microarray analysis, the total number of upregulated (UR) and downregulated (DR) genes was 613 and 220, respectively in diploid parthenogenetic morula as compared with IVF morula. The number of genes showing about two-, two- to five-, five- to 10-, 10- to 20-, and above 20-fold UR and DR genes was 147, 229, 122, 59, and 56 and 94, 73, 18, 13, and 22, respectively. Five UR genes validated (PTEN, PHF3, CTNNB1, SELK, and NPDC1) and all of them were significantly higher in parthenotes, which was in accordance with microarray results, whereas the expression of DR (AURKC and KLF15) genes were downregulated in parthenotes as observed in microarray results but the difference was not significant (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate differential expression of a large number of genes in parthenotes compared with IVF embryos, which may be the reason for aberrant parthenogenetic embryo development in caprine species.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableEffect of DL- methionine supplementation and high tannin red sorghum feeding on nutrient utilization and blood biochemical profile of broilersNot Availabl

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Not AvailableAn experiment was designed to determine the effect of perinatal administration of amino acids on hatchability, growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of broiler chicks. Two hundred and ninety eight uniform sized Cobb broiler eggs were set for incubation. The fertile eggs were divided into two groups, one group without any injection and the other group was administered in ovo with amino acid solution containing arginine (22 mg), glutamine (25 mg) and threonine (30 mg) per egg on day 18 of incubation into the amniotic cavity. After hatching, the chicks (n=240) were further divided into four groups (6 replicates with 10 chicks in each replicate), namely, Group I: without in ovo and without post hatch supplemented diet (WoINOVO-WoPHS); Group II: without in ovo and with post hatch supplemented diet (25% higher level of lysine, 1.68 mg, methionine,0.63 mg andthreonine,0.99 mg) (WoINOVO-WPHS); Group III: within ovo and without post hatch supplemented diet (WINOVOWoPHS); Group IV: within ovo and with post hatch supplemented diet (WINOVO-WPHS). The results indicated that in ovo administration of amino acids did not show any significant difference in both hatchability and chick weight. Live weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio during 0-3 wk, 3-5 wk and overall phase were not affected (P>005) by either in ovo supplementation and post hatch supplemented diet or their interaction. In ovo supplementation significantly (P<005) increased the weight (% of live weight) of duodenum, proventriculus and gizzard at day of hatch. It is concluded that in ovo supplementation of arginine, glutamine and threonine was beneficial in the early gut development at hatch, but such improvements were not significantly reflected in the growth performance of broiler chicks following post hatch amino acids dietary supplementation.Not Availabl

New Hybrid Iron Phosphonate Material as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Adipic Acid in Air and Water

A new organic–inorganic hybrid iron phosphonate material (FePO-1-2) has been synthesized hydrothermally using etidronic acid (1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid) as an organophosphorus precursor. Under optimized reaction conditions the synthesis has been carried out hydrothermally for 3 days at 180 °C temperature at near neutral pH. The material has been characterized thoroughly by various techniques and its crystal structure has been indexed to a new orthorhombic phase with unit cell parameters of <i>a</i> = 10.995 Å, <i>b</i> = 10.395 Å, <i>c</i> = 11.793 Å, and α = β = γ = 90°. The considerably good Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 236 m² g^–1, pore volume of 0.229 cm³ g^–1, and robust nature of FePO-1-2 have motivated us to explore its catalytic activity in liquid phase partial oxidation reactions under green conditions. FePO-1-2 exhibits excellent catalytic activity (96% product selectivity, 72% conversion) for selective liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexanone to adipic acid in the presence of molecular O₂ under atmospheric pressure and in aqueous medium. This selective liquid (aqueous) phase oxidation pathway is highly green and sustainable as it does not involving any need of nitric acid, initiator, peroxides, and other organic solvents