Modified DA based FIR Filter in Multirate DSP systems on FPGA

Multirate systems are popular in DSP.Systems which employ multiple sampling rates in the processing of digital signals are called Multirate DSP systems, which are used in audio, video processing and communication systems. Multirate DSP systems that employ different chips for different frequency signal results in more area and power utilization. The setback can be avoided by implementing Multirate system, based on Distributed Arithmetic FIR filter. Using such systems, we can achieve computation efficiency and improve the system performance. Modified DA based FIR Filter using Multirate systems includes decimation, interpolation process implemented on FPGA with 53% less LUT utilization compared to existing Multirate system

Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological activity of certain Novel Triazole schiff bases

ABSTRACT 4-Formyl phenoxy acetic acid (1) obtained from 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde yielded the corresponding Schiff bases (2al-a10) bearing free carboxyl group on treatment with primary amines/acid hydrazides under anhydrous condition. Several 4-amino-3-substituted-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles (3al-a10) were prepared in excellent yields by the condensation of Schiff bases bearing free carboxyl group with thiocarbohydrazide through a single step reaction. Elemental analysis, IR and 1 HNMR data confirmed the structure of the newly synthesized compounds. Synthesized triazole derivatives were investigated for their antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The tested compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. However these compounds exhibited moderate analgesic and antifungal activities

Serum concentration of selected trace elements and Gammaglutamyltransferase in alcoholic liver disease

Introduction: In South East Asia, India has turn out to be one of the major producers of alcohol. Hepatic manifestation of alcohol includes fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and chronic hepatitis with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. Objective: The main aim of our study was to determine the concentrations of some important physiological metal ions and liver enzyme activity in chronic alcoholics. Materials & Methods: This was a case control study. The study involved 30 male patients of Alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs) from outpatient and inpatients department of Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Karimnagar as cases and 30 age-matched healthy male relatives of patients with no chronic illness as control group. AST, ALT, bilirubin, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and serum zinc, magnesium and copper of cases and controls were estimated compared. Results: In the current study we found that serum bilirubin levels, serum AST, ALT, GGT rose significantly in cases (P<0.001) when compared to controls. The cases have significantly lower level of serum Zinc and Magnesium when compared to healthy normal controls (P<0.0001). There is a significant elevation of serum copper levels in cases when compared to the healthy controls (P<0.001). Conclusion: Except copper both serum zinc and magnesium levels significantly reduced in ALD patients. The liver enzymes elevated in the chronic alcoholics denoting hepatic impairment in the cases. The estimation of the enzymes and cations helps in early diagnosis and also as prognostic marker for treatment in ALD patient

Investigating market-based opportunities for the provision of nutritious and safe diets to prevent childhood stunting: a UKRI-GCRF action against stunting hub protocol paper

Background Inadequate access to affordable, safe, desirable and convenient nutrient-dense food is one of the underlying causes of child stunting. While targeted nutrition-sensitive interventions (e.g., backyard ‘nutri-gardens’) may increase dietary diversity within farming households, such interventions have limited scalability across the wider food system where markets remain underdeveloped. This research aims to develop and assess market-based interventions for key nutrient-dense foods to help improve the diets of women and children in the first 1000 days of life. Methods Data collection uses four parallel approaches in each of the three study countries (India, Indonesia and Senegal). (1) A novel food environment tool will be developed to characterise the accessibility and affordability of nutrient-dense foods in the study countries. The tool will be validated through pretesting using cognitive interviewing and piloting in purposively sampled households, 10 (cognitive interviewing) and 30 (piloting) households in each country; (2) stakeholder interviews (e.g., with producers, intermediaries and retailers) will be conducted to map out nutrition-sensitive entry points of key value chains (e.g., animal-sourced foods), before hotspots of potential food safety hazards will be identified from food samples collected along the chains; (3) the Optifood and Agrifood tools will be used to identify foods that can address food system nutrient gaps and engage key stakeholders to prioritise market interventions to improve nutrition outcomes. Optifood and Agrifood parameters will be informed by publicly available data, plus interviews and focus groups with value chain stakeholders; (4) informed by the previous three approaches and a campaign of participatory ‘group model building’, a novel system dynamics model will evaluate the impact of alternative market-based solutions on the availability and affordability of nutrient-dense foods over time. Ethics and dissemination The study has received ethical approval in the United Kingdom, Senegal, Indonesia and India. Dissemination comprises peer-reviewed journals, international disciplinary conferences and multistakeholder dissemination workshops

Role of polarity in de novo shoot bud initiation from stem disc explants of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. and its encapsulation and storability

The occurrence of strong polarity towards shoot bud induction and the effect of cytokinin(s) on each segment of stem axis, encapsulation and storability of de novo Shoot buds of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (Hypoxidaceae) have been documented in the present communication. Maximum number of shoot buds arising de novo from the stem discs (cross section) explanted from proximal end on MS medium fortified with BAP and KIN 1 mg/L each. Stem discs from distal end were less efficient in shoot bud induction. A combination of two cytokinins (BAP and KIN) as a synergistic effect on shoot buds induction from each segment of stem axis. Stem discs in inverted position produced shoot buds from the lower surface, showing strong polarity within the explant. Further, storability and shoot development of sodium alginate encapsulated shoot buds of Curculigo orchioides were tested on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium fortified with coconut water (10% v/v). The frequency of regeneration from encapsulated shoot buds was affected significantly by concentration of sodium alginate and the duration of exposure to calcium chloride. Shoot buds encapsulated with 2.5% sodium alginate dissolved in MS basal salts solution recorded significantly higher shoot development than other treatments. A relatively short (5 min) incubation with calcium chloride solution provided uniform encapsulation of shoot buds that gave the highest percentage (68%) of shoot development. Encapsulated shoot buds could be stored at 4A degrees C for 50 days without reduction in viability as oppose to non-encapsulated shoot buds, which showed 9.5% viability after 20 days at 4A degrees C. Encapsulated shoot bud developed into normal shoots. Based on the present observations an improved protocol may be developed for the rapid multiplication and conservation of the endangered species-C. orchioides

System Level Tools for Designing FIR Filter on FPGA

ABSTRACT: In this paper, Design of FIR Filter using System Level Tools like Simulink in Xilinx System Generator and hardware based FIR Filter Design using Verilog has been proposed. System level tools like Xilinx System Generator are used to design an efficient DSP Algorithms and Applications on FPGA. Both the designs have been further synthesized on Xilinx Spartan3 FPGA kit. Finally, a comparison is done between the results obtained from the software simulations and those from FPGA

Conformation and orientation of alkyl chains in the layered organic-inorganic hybrids: (C<SUB>n</SUB>H<SUB>2n+1</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>PbI<SUB>4</SUB>(n=12,16,1 8)

Layered organic-inorganic hybrids based on perovskite-derived alkylammonium lead halides have been demonstrated as important new materials in the construction of molecular electronic devices. Typical of this class of materials are the single-perovskite slab lead iodides of the general formula (C<SUB>n</SUB>H<SUB>2n+1</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>PbI<SUB>4</SUB>. While for small n, these compounds are amenable to single-crystal structure determination, the increasing degree of disorder in the long chain (n=12,14... ) compounds makes such an analysis difficult. In this study, we use powder X-ray diffraction, and vibrational and <SUP>13</SUP>C NMR spectroscopies to establish the conformation, orientation and organization of hydrocarbon chains in the series of layered alkylammonium lead iodides (C<SUB>n</SUB>H<SUB>2n+1</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>PbI<SUB>4</SUB> (n=12,16,18). We find that the alkyl chains adopt a tilted bilayer arrangement, while the structure of the inorganic layer remains invariant with respect to the value of n. Conformation-sensitive methylene stretching modes in the infrared and Raman spectra, as well as the <SUP>13</SUP>C NMR spectra indicate that bonds in the methylene chain are in trans configuration. The skeletal modes of the alkyl chain in the Raman spectra establish that there is a high degree of all-trans conformational registry for the values of n studied here. From the orientation dependence of the infrared spectra of crystals of (C<SUB>n</SUB>H<SUB>2n+1</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>PbI<SUB>4</SUB> (n=12,16), we find that the molecular axis of the all-trans alkyl chains are tilted away from the interlayer normal by an angle of 55&#176;. This value of this tilt angle is consistent with the dependence of the c lattice expansion as a function of n, as determined from powder X-ray diffraction