4 research outputs found

    Intestinal membrane transporters follow the trail of fat into cytosolic lipid droplets, during digestion

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    Intestinal membrane transporters follow the trail of fat into cytosolic lipid droplets, during digestion. Digestive Disease Week / 102nd Annual AGA meetin

    Fate, uptake and gut toxicity of two colloidal silver products in mice: how micro X-ray fluorescence, micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy provide new insights in food nanotoxicology

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    International audienceSSilver biodistribution and gut toxicity of two commercially available colloidal silver products, Mesosilverℱ and AgC, were evaluated in male mice. AgC is composed solely of ionic silver (Ag+) while Mesosilverℱ contains a mix of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Ag+ ions. After high-dose (approximately 3 mg per kg body weight (bw) per day) sub-chronic exposure, silver accumulation was close for Mesosilverℱ and AgC. The combination of micro X-ray fluorescence and micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that metallic AgNPs and Ag+ ions initially contained in Mesosilverℱ were subjected to physicochemical modifications during their fate in the gut. In the colon, most Ag atoms were oxidized and dissolved to form Ag complexes with thiol groups (-SH) of proteins and/or peptides. Sub-chronic exposure at lower dose (150 ÎŒg per kg bw per day) led to a moderate impact on the gut barrier for both colloidal silver products. An increase in colonic LCN-2 was observed only after AgC exposure. For gut microbiota at the genus level, exposure to Mesosilverℱ led to a decrease in Ruminococcus and Anaerosporobacter, while Intestinimonas increased. Exposure to AgC resulted in an increase in Clostridium sp. ASF356 and Tyzzerella, while the relative abundance of Anaerosporobacter decreased. In addition, the Saccharomycetes fungal population increased. Near-infrared spectroscopy was able to satisfactorily discriminate the Mesosilverℱ-vs. AgC-exposed mice for both exposure doses. This study highlights the applicability of biophysics-based methodologies for providing novel insights into colloidal silver uptake, fate and toxicological effects after oral exposur

    Impact d’une alimentation lactĂ©e enrichie en prĂ©biotique sur le microbiote intestinal et sur le comportement social des agneaux Ă©levĂ©s sans leur mĂšre.

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    International audienceChez les mammifĂšres, la sĂ©paration maternelle Ă  la naissance induit un stress chronique avec pour consĂ©quences des altĂ©rations comportementales et neurobiologiques. Ainsi, en Ă©levage ovin, les agneaux surnumĂ©raires sont sĂ©parĂ©s de leur mĂšre Ă  la naissance et nourris avec des laits artificiels, induisant de telles altĂ©rations. Des Ă©tudes montrent l’importance du microbiote intestinal sur le dĂ©veloppement comportemental. Notre hypothĂšse est qu’une alimentation enrichie en prĂ©biotique dĂšs la naissance contribuerait, via une action sur le microbiote, Ă  prĂ©venir certains des dĂ©sordres associĂ©s au stress de sĂ©paration maternelle, en particulier comportementaux.Des agnelles ont reçu le colostrum de leur mĂšre les 2 jours suivant la naissance avant d’ĂȘtre sĂ©parĂ©es et nourries avec un lait commercial dĂ©pourvu (Preb-) ou enrichi avec un prĂ©biotique (Preb+, 1% galactofructose) jusqu’au sevrage Ă  7 semaines. AprĂšs le sevrage, les agnelles ont toutes reçu une nourriture standard d’élevage. La maturation du microbiote fĂ©cal des agnelles a Ă©tĂ© suivie par sĂ©quençage de la rĂ©gion V3-V4 du gĂšne codant l’ARNs 16S Ă  l’ñge de 3, 7 et 10 semaines. ParallĂšlement, leur comportement social a Ă©tĂ© comparĂ© par une approche Ă©thologique. La position des individus et leurs activitĂ©s au sein du groupe ont Ă©tĂ© quantifiĂ©es toutes les 10 minutes pendant 3 heures par jour ainsi que les interactions affiliatives et agonistiques, et les vocalisations.Sur la pĂ©riode durant laquelle le galactofructose est apportĂ© par le lait, une restructuration de la composition du microbiote rĂ©vĂ©lant les propriĂ©tĂ©s bifidogĂšnes du prĂ©biotique est observĂ©e : la sur-implantation prĂ©coce de 3 espĂšces de BifidobactĂ©ries au dĂ©triment de nombreuses communautĂ©s appartenant aux Clostridiales se traduit par une moindre richesse d’espĂšces dans le groupe Preb+. Elles prĂ©sentent parallĂšlement sur le plan comportemental des indices d’association significativement plus importants et des interactions affiliatives plus frĂ©quentes. Elles ont Ă©galement tendance Ă  manifester moins d’interactions agonistiques et Ă  moins vocaliser. Enfin, les agnelles Preb+ consacrent davantage de temps Ă  consommer du lait sans que ce comportement n’affecte leur croissance.AprĂšs le sevrage, une empreinte spĂ©cifique du microbiote des agnelles Preb+ est conservĂ©e et se caractĂ©rise par un meilleur Ă©quilibre de l’abondance des espĂšces prĂ©sentes, avec notamment, une abondance augmentĂ©e des Clostridiales et une meilleure colonisation par Akkermansia muciniphila. Si les diffĂ©rences de comportement social s’estompent aprĂšs le sevrage, en revanche les agnelles Preb+ prĂ©sentent un rĂ©seau social plus structurĂ©. Enfin, l’intĂ©gration de ces donnĂ©es Ă  celles du microbiote par des analyses multidimensionnelles rĂ©vĂšle des covariations significatives, mettant ainsi en exergue de potentielles relations entre les modulations du microbiote intestinal et le comportement social lors du dĂ©veloppement.En conclusion, l’apport prĂ©coce de galactofructose dans le lait diminue durablement les troubles du comportement social des agnelles soumises Ă  un allaitement artificiel et l’absence maternelle. Cette Ă©tude suggĂšre que ce prĂ©biotique, via ses rĂ©percussions sur la maturation du microbiote intestinal, pourrait compenser certains des effets dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres associĂ©s aux stress prĂ©coces

    Microplastics: What happens in the human digestive tract? First evidences in adults using in vitro gut models

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    International audienceMicroplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and humans are inevitably exposed to them. However, the effects of MPs in the human digestive environment are largely unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of repeated exposure to polyethylene (PE) MPs on the human gut microbiota and intestinal barrier using, under adult conditions, the Mucosal Artificial Colon (M-ARCOL) model, coupled with a co-culture of intestinal epithelial and mucus-secreting cells. The composition of the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota was determined by 16S metabarcoding and microbial activities were characterized by gas, short chain fatty acid, volatolomic and AhR activity analyses. Gut barrier integrity was assessed via intestinal permeability, inflammation and mucin synthesis. First, exposure to PE MPs induced donor-dependent effects. Second, an increase in abundances of potentially harmful pathobionts, Desulfovibrionaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, and a decrease in beneficial bacteria such as Christensenellaceae and Akkermansiaceae were observed. These bacterial shifts were associated with changes in volatile organic compounds profiles, notably characterized by increased indole 3-methyl- production. Finally, no significant impact of PE MPs mediated by changes in gut microbial metabolites was reported on the intestinal barrier. Given these adverse effects of repeated ingestion of PE MPs on the human gut microbiota, studying at-risk populations like infants would be a valuable advance
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