Mini Review on the Impact of Mobile Parts’ Exchange During the DAIR Procedure (Debridement, Antibiotics, Irrigation, Retention) for Infected Total Joint Arthroplasties

A prosthetic joint infection (PJI) requires a combined approach (infectiology and surgery). The therapeutic DAIR approach (debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, and retention) is an option for acute and stable PJI yielding remission incidences that oscillate between 70% and 90%; in a literature mostly composed of retrospective single-center trials. DAIR can be performed with or without mobile part’s exchange during debridement. Scientific data proving the necessity of mobile part exchanges (by leaving other infected components in situ) remain scarce. In this narrative mini review, we evaluate the existing literature that analyses the benefit of exchanging mobile parts with at least ten own cases. We moreover discuss the optimal duration of concomitant targeted systemic antibiotic therapy and reveal some insights in the surgical difficulties in performing DAIR. Our conclusion tends to favor of the mobile part’s exchange whenever feasible

The Structural and Functional State of Soil Microbiota in a Chemically Polluted Environment

The structural and functional diversity of the main ecological trophic groups of soil microorganisms in meadow soils of the Central Urals anthropogenically contaminated with heavy metals was studied. The increase in the total numbers of these microorganisms in technozems, in comparison with those in agrozems, is due to the higher abundance of iron-reducing, denitrifying, nitrogen-fixing, and sulfate-reducing bacteria, an increase in cellulolytic activity, and the dependence of these characteristics on the toxic load of the soil. A reductive structure of the microbial community with the predominance of r-strategists, which reflects earlier stages of microbiocenoses succession under soil contamination, is formed under soil pollution with heavy metals. © 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences: 12-I-4-2051ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the Government of Sverdlovsk oblast, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 13-04-96056-r_ural_a), and a Program of the Presidium of the Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (project no. 12-I-4-2051)

Fertility and Viability of Pollen Grains of Taraxacum officinale Wigg. s.l. (Asteraceae, Magnoliopsida) in a Gradient of an Anthropogenically Transformed Environment

Abstract: The fertility and viability of pollen grains of two morphological forms of Taraxacum officinale Wigg. s.l. were estimated. These forms compose common coenopopulations growing in various coenotic and edaphic conditions. The forms studied possess developed gynoecia—a large number of fertile pollen grains capable of germinating under certain temperature conditions. This fact points to the amphimictic properties of the plants. Comparison of the data on the fraction of fertile pollen grains and seed productivity allows assuming that some seeds develop without fertilization. This can be considered as evidence of the apomictic properties of plants. Therefore, the presence of facultative apomixis in the species considered was confirmed indirectly in our work. The fertility of pollen grains was shown to be a characteristic of the male gametophyte that was more environmentally dependent than its viability. Under favorable conditions, the share of fertile pollen grains in f. dahlstedtii and f. pectinatiforme differ insignificantly. Under stress, the differences between the dandelion forms by this index increase. This can be considered as a mechanism of adaptation to adverse environmental factors. The revealed differentiation of the morphological forms of dandelions by the index of pollen grain fertility suggests that edaphic and coenotic stresses increase the differences between them in the degree of apomictic and amphimictic properties. The morphological forms of dandelions, by realizing two reproductive strategies under stress, ensure both the abundance and the genetic heterogeneity of the coenopopulations. The morphological forms studied do not differ in the proportion of viable pollen grains. This index increases in the gradient of coenotic competition only to a certain extent, which can be considered as a manifestation of the properties of the facultative apomict. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Inc

Dependence of Phytomass of Herbaceous Cenoses on Weather Factors in Anthropogenically Impacted Areas

This paper is concerned with the phytomass of herbaceous phytocenoses growing in anthropogenically impacted areas in the Middle Urals at different stages of succession along the heavy-metal pollution gradient. Cenoses of young soils of dumps have less resistance and higher sensitivity to changes in weather factors, in contrast to the phytocenoses of the deposits. It is shown by general regression models that the epiterranean and subterranean biomass of cenoses on technozems depends on Selyaninov’s hydrothermic coefficient for September and the amount of precipitation in October–November of the previous year and in January–May of the current year. The degree of this dependence for cenoses under research is determined by edaphic conditions that affect the species diversity and dominance structure. © 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences: 18-4-4-9ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported as part of the Programs of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, project no. 18-4-4-9 and Government Procurement from the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.Российский Фонд Фундаментальных Исследований (РФФИ): 13-04-96056-r_ural_

Soil microbiocenosis as an indicator of stability of meadow communities in the environment polluted with heavy metals

The soil microbiota, a key component of natural ecosystems, is considered as a factor determining the stability of meadow communities. The diversity and abundance of the main ecologically significant groups of microorganisms in meadow soils have been studied along a gradient of long-term soil pollution with heavy metals in the Middle Urals. The results provide evidence for stability of the microbial assemblage formed in these soils. It has been found that the functional activity of certain physiological groups of microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing, denitrifying, and cellulolytic bacteria) and the respiratory activity of microbial communities are stimulated under conditions of heavy-metal soil pollution. Probable effects of the observed changes on mineralization of plant remains in meadow communities are discussed. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.13 04 96056ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported by the Russian Founda tion for Basic Research (project no. 13 04 96056 r_ural_a), Scientific School Support Program (project no. NSh 5325.2012.4), and the Presidium of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (project no. 12 I 4 2051)