FUEL CHANNEL VARIABLE ORIFICE DESIGN

A design analysis of a variable adjustable orifice that can be used on all fuel channels is presented. With an adjustmert range of 1/4 turn the flow can be controlled over the range 9.9 to 36.9 lb/sec with a constant sensitivity of 5.85 deg F/deg. rot. for DELTA T = 400 deg F. Temperature sensitivity can be reduced by increasing the adjustmert range; a rang of 3/8 turn will reduce the sensitivity to less than 4 deg F per degree rotation. The orifice contraction coefficient must be determined experimentally. Leakage flow through the annulus between the process channel and the orifice extension tube was taken into account. A 1/32 inch wide annular clearance is the maximum that can be tolerated to maintain control of the flow. (auth

The Cochrane 2018 review on brief interventions in primary care for hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption: a distillation for clinicians and policy makers

Aims An updated Cochrane systematic review assessed effectiveness of screening and brief intervention to reduce hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in general practice or emergency care settings. This paper summarises the implications of the review for clinicians. Methods Cochrane methods were followed. Reporting accords with PRISMA guidance. We searched multiple resources to September 2017, seeking randomised controlled trials of brief interventions to reduce hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in people attending general practice, emergency care or other primary care settings for reasons other than alcohol treatment. Brief intervention was defined as a conversation comprising five or fewer sessions of brief advice or brief lifestyle counselling and a total duration of less than 60 min. Our primary outcome was alcohol consumption, measured as or convertible to grams per week. We conducted meta-analyses to assess change in consumption, and subgroup analyses to explore the impact of participant and intervention characteristics. Results We included 69 studies, of which 42 were added for this update. Most studies (88%) compared brief intervention to control. The primary meta-analysis included 34 studies and provided moderate-quality evidence that brief intervention reduced consumption compared to control after one year (mean difference −20 g/wk, 95% confidence interval −28 to −12). Subgroup analysis showed a similar effect for men and women. Conclusions Brief interventions can reduce harmful and hazardous alcohol consumption in men and women. Short, advice-based interventions may be as effective as extended, counselling-based interventions for patients with harmful levels of alcohol use who are presenting for the first time in a primary care setting

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations

© 2018 The Cochrane Collaboration. Background: Excessive drinking is a significant cause of mortality, morbidity and social problems in many countries. Brief interventions aim to reduce alcohol consumption and related harm in hazardous and harmful drinkers who are not actively seeking help for alcohol problems. Interventions usually take the form of a conversation with a primary care provider and may include feedback on the person's alcohol use, information about potential harms and benefits of reducing intake, and advice on how to reduce consumption. Discussion informs the development of a personal plan to help reduce consumption. Brief interventions can also include behaviour change or motivationally-focused counselling. This is an update of a Cochrane Review published in 2007. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of screening and brief alcohol intervention to reduce excessive alcohol consumption in hazardous or harmful drinkers in general practice or emergency care settings. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, and 12 other bibliographic databases to September 2017. We searched Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Science Database (to December 2003, after which the database was discontinued), trials registries, and websites. We carried out handsearching and checked reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews. Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of brief interventions to reduce hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in people attending general practice, emergency care or other primary care settings for reasons other than alcohol treatment. The comparison group was no or minimal intervention, where a measure of alcohol consumption was reported. 'Brief intervention' was defined as a conversation comprising five or fewer sessions of brief advice or brief lifestyle counselling and a total duration of less than 60 minutes. Any more was considered an extended intervention. Digital interventions were not included in this review. Data collection and analysis: We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We carried out subgroup analyses where possible to investigate the impact of factors such as gender, age, setting (general practice versus emergency care), treatment exposure and baseline consumption. Main results: We included 69 studies that randomised a total of 33,642 participants. Of these, 42 studies were added for this update (24,057 participants). Most interventions were delivered in general practice (38 studies, 55%) or emergency care (27 studies, 39%) settings. Most studies (61 studies, 88%) compared brief intervention to minimal or no intervention. Extended interventions were compared with brief (4 studies, 6%), minimal or no intervention (7 studies, 10%). Few studies targeted particular age groups: adolescents or young adults (6 studies, 9%) and older adults (4 studies, 6%). Mean baseline alcohol consumption was 244 g/week (30.5 standard UK units) among the studies that reported these data. Main sources of bias were attrition and lack of provider or participant blinding. The primary meta-analysis included 34 studies (15,197 participants) and provided moderate-quality evidence that participants who received brief intervention consumed less alcohol than minimal or no intervention participants after one year (mean difference (MD) -20 g/week, 95% confidence interval (CI) -28 to -12). There was substantial heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 73%). A subgroup analysis by gender demonstrated that both men and women reduced alcohol consumption after receiving a brief intervention. We found moderate-quality evidence that brief alcohol interventions have little impact on frequency of binges per week (MD -0.08, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.02; 15 studies, 6946 participants); drinking days per week (MD -0.13, 95% CI -0.23 to -0.04; 11 studies, 5469 participants); or drinking intensity (-0.2 g/drinking day, 95% CI -3.1 to 2.7; 10 studies, 3128 participants). We found moderate-quality evidence of little difference in quantity of alcohol consumed when extended and no or minimal interventions were compared (-14 g/week, 95% CI -37 to 9; 6 studies, 1296 participants). There was little difference in binges per week (-0.08, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.12; 2 studies, 456 participants; moderate-quality evidence) or difference in days drinking per week (-0.45, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.09; 2 studies, 319 participants; moderate-quality evidence). Extended versus no or minimal intervention provided little impact on drinking intensity (9 g/drinking day, 95% CI -26 to 9; 1 study, 158 participants; low-quality evidence). Extended intervention had no greater impact than brief intervention on alcohol consumption, although findings were imprecise (MD 2 g/week, 95% CI -42 to 45; 3 studies, 552 participants; low-quality evidence). Numbers of binges were not reported for this comparison, but one trial suggested a possible drop in days drinking per week (-0.5, 95% CI -1.2 to 0.2; 147 participants; low-quality evidence). Results from this trial also suggested very little impact on drinking intensity (-1.7 g/drinking day, 95% CI -18.9 to 15.5; 147 participants; very low-quality evidence). Only five studies reported adverse effects (very low-quality evidence). No participants experienced any adverse effects in two studies; one study reported that the intervention increased binge drinking for women and two studies reported adverse events related to driving outcomes but concluded they were equivalent in both study arms. Sources of funding were reported by 67 studies (87%). With two exceptions, studies were funded by government institutes, research bodies or charitable foundations. One study was partly funded by a pharmaceutical company and a brewers association, another by a company developing diagnostic testing equipment. Authors' conclusions: We found moderate-quality evidence that brief interventions can reduce alcohol consumption in hazardous and harmful drinkers compared to minimal or no intervention. Longer counselling duration probably has little additional effect. Future studies should focus on identifying the components of interventions which are most closely associated with effectiveness

Improving Supervisor Evaluations Through the Use of Self Determination Contracts

Supervisor perceptions of employee competence in areas of work, social, and personal demands of the job often determine success or failure for the supported employee. This study involved three workers with disabilities who participated in a supported employment program. After being successfully hired in a job of their choosing, problems arose that jeopardized the successful completion of the placement phase. The workers used individualized self-determination contracts to improve supervisor evaluations. Specifically, they completed daily self-determination contracts to plan their work outcomes, manage their tasks, evaluate their performance, and make adjustments for their next opportunity to work. Results indicated that all three workers used self-determination strategies to improve their performance and meet the expectations of their respective employers.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

FUEL CHANNEL VARIABLE ORIFICE DESIGN

A design analysis of a variable adjustable orifice that can be used on all fuel channels is presented. With an adjustmert range of 1/4 turn the flow can be controlled over the range 9.9 to 36.9 lb/sec with a constant sensitivity of 5.85 deg F/deg. rot. for DELTA T = 400 deg F. Temperature sensitivity can be reduced by increasing the adjustmert range; a rang of 3/8 turn will reduce the sensitivity to less than 4 deg F per degree rotation. The orifice contraction coefficient must be determined experimentally. Leakage flow through the annulus between the process channel and the orifice extension tube was taken into account. A 1/32 inch wide annular clearance is the maximum that can be tolerated to maintain control of the flow. (auth

Back- und Kokungsvermoegen von Steinkohlen unter hohen Druecken Herrn Prof. Dr. W. Peters zum 60. Geburtstag

Synopse in: Erdoel, Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie 34.1981, September (L cet Z 251/ZA 435 (34))SIGLETechnische Informationsbibliothek Hannover: AC 6150. / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Zur modellmaessigen Erfassung der Kohlepartikel-Kohaesion von Zwei- und Mehrkomponentenmischungen waehrend der Erweichung Herrn Prof. Dr. W. Peters zum 60. Geburtstag

Synopse in: Erdoel, Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie 34.1981, September (L cet Z 251/ZA 435 (34))SIGLETechnische Informationsbibliothek Hannover: AC 6150. / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Back- und Kokungsvermoegen von Steinkohlen unter hohen Druecken

SIGLEDEGerman

Back- und Kokungsvermoegen von Steinkohlen unter hohen Druecken - Druck-Roga-Index Schlussbericht

With 25 figs., 7 tabs., 20 refs.SIGLECopy held by FIZ Karlsruhe; available from UB/TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Relaxation therapies for the management of primary hypertension in adults: a Cochrane review

The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of relaxation to lower high blood pressure. We searched electronic bibliographic databases and grey literature to identify randomized controlled trials comparing relaxation therapies with no active treatment or sham therapy, enrolling adult participants with raised systolic blood pressure (SBP) 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 85 mm Hg and follow-up 8 weeks. Twenty-five trials with up to 5 years follow-up, assessing 1198 participants, met our inclusion criteria and were meta-analysed. Overall, relaxation resulted in small, statistically significant reductions in SBP (mean difference: −5.5 mm Hg, 95% CI: −8.2 to −2.8) and DBP (mean difference: −3.5 mm Hg, 95% CI: −5.3 to −1.6) compared to the control. Substantial heterogeneity between trials (I2>70%) was not explained by duration of follow-up, type of control, type of relaxation therapy or baseline blood pressure. The 9 trials that reported blinding of outcome assessors found a non-significant net reduction in blood pressure (SBP mean difference: −3.2 mm Hg, 95% CI: −7.7 to 1.4) associated with relaxation, as did the 15 trials comparing relaxation with sham therapy (SBP mean difference: −3.5 mm Hg, 95% CI: −7.1 to 0.2). Adequate randomization was confirmed in only seven trials and concealment of allocation in only one. In view of the poor quality of the included trials and unexplained variation between trials, the evidence in favour of a causal association between relaxation and blood pressure reduction is weak. Some of the apparent benefit of relaxation was probably due to aspects of treatment unrelated to relaxation