Late ART Initiation among adult HIV patients at university of Gondar Hospital, NorthWest Ethiopia

Introduction: Late initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is associated with low immunologic response, increase morbidity, mortality and hospitalization. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with late ART initiation among adult HIV patients in NorthWest Ethiopia.Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 HIV patients who started ART between January/2009 and December/2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to select patient records. Data were collected by using pretested and structured extraction tool. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with late ART initiation.Result: A total of 410 participants were included for analysis after excluding 2 participants with incomplete data. The prevalence of late ART initiation was 67.3%. Age between 35-44 years(AOR=3.85; 95%CI:1.68-8.82), duration between testing and enrollment to care<1year (AOR=2.19;95%CI:1.30-3.69), secondary education (AOR=2.59; 95%CI 1.36-4.94), teritary education(AOR=3.28; 95%CI 1.25-8.64), being unmarried(AOR=1.88; 95%CI 1.13-3.03), bedridden and ambulatory patients (AOR=4.68 95%CI:1.49-14.68), other medication use before ART initiation(AOR=2.18; 95%CI 1.07-4.44), starting ART between 2009-2010 (AOR=5.94; 95%CI 2.74-12.87) and 2011-2012(AOR=2.80; 95%CI 1.31-5.96) were significantly associated with late ART initation at p-value <0.05.Conclusion: The prevalence of late ART initiation was high. Strengthening the mechanisms of early HIV testing and linkage to care are recommended to initiate treatment earlier.Keywords: Associated factors, Late ART initiation, Ethiopia

Perceived stigma and associated factors among people with epilepsy at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional institution based study

Background: Epilepsy is the world’s most common neurological disorder, affecting approximately 69 million people worldwide. Perceived stigma affects many domains of the lives of people with epilepsy. However, in Ethiopia there is dearth of study on perceived stigma specifically among people with epilepsy.Objective: To assess the prevalence of perceived stigma and associated factors among people with epilepsy (PWE) attending the outpatient department of the University of Gondar hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014.Methods: Institution based quantitative cross - sectional study was employed among 408 individuals people with epilepsy. Single population proportion formula was used utilized to calculate sample size. The participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Perceived stigma was measured using by the modified Family Interview Schedule (FIS) tool. Binary logistic regression analysis and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to identify the associated factors with perceived stigma..Results: Overall, the prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be 71.6%. Marital status [single (AOR = 0.23, CI: 0.25, 0.90), widowed ( AOR = 0.37, CI: 0.15, 0.90) duration of illness [2-5 years (AOR = 4.38, CI:1.98,9.62, 6-10 years (AOR =4.29, CI:1.90,9.64, ≥11 years (AOR = 4.31,CI:1.84,10.00) and seizure frequency of [1- 11per year (AOR=2.34, CI:2.21,3.56), ≥1per month (AOR = 5.63, CI:3.42,10.32)] were factors associated with perceived stigma.Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be high. Marital status, long duration of illness and seizure frequency were factors associated with perceived stigma.Keywords: Northwest Ethiopia, epilepsy, perceived stigm

Alcohol use related injury in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Alcohol-related violence resulting in injury is a global public health problem and Africa is no exception. In the country of Ethiopia, there is a lack of statistical evidence regarding this issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence prevalence of alcohol-related violence and injury and its associative factors. Hospital based crosssectional research method was employed from January to June 30, 2014. The source population and study population were all interpersonal violence injured patients in the emergency department of University of Gondar Hospital. Data were collected using injury surveillance guidelines developed by the World Health Organization. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify the presence and strength of association. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were computed to determine the level of significance. A total of 395 participants were involved in the study. The proportion of ARVI was found to be 119 (30.1%); gender, poor behavioral control and poor family functioning were found to be independently associated with alcohol-related interpersonal violence injury. The prevalence of alcohol-related violence and injury is high in Ethiopia. There is an urgent need to step up health advocacy with respect to reducing alcohol consumption in the country.Keywords: Alcohol, Emergency Department, injury, violenc

Late ART Initiation among adult HIV patients at university of Gondar Hospital, NorthWest Ethiopia

Introduction: Late initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is associated with low immunologic response, increase morbidity, mortality and hospitalization. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with late ART initiation among adult HIV patients in NorthWest Ethiopia. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 HIV patients who started ART between January/2009 and December/2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to select patient records. Data were collected by using pre-tested and structured extraction tool. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with late ART initiation. Result: A total of 410 participants were included for analysis after excluding 2 participants with incomplete data. The prevalence of late ART initiation was 67.3%. Age between 35-44 years(AOR=3.85; 95%CI:1.68-8.82), duration between testing and enrollment to care<1year (AOR=2.19;95%CI:1.30-3.69), secondary education (AOR=2.59; 95%CI 1.36-4.94), teritary education(AOR=3.28; 95%CI 1.25-8.64), being unmarried(AOR=1.88; 95%CI 1.13-3.03), bedridden and ambulatory patients (AOR=4.68 95%CI:1.49-14.68), other medication use before ART initiation(AOR=2.18; 95%CI 1.07-4.44), starting ART between 2009-2010 (AOR=5.94; 95%CI 2.74-12.87) and 2011-2012(AOR=2.80; 95%CI 1.31-5.96) were significantly associated with late ART initation at p-value <0.05. Conclusion: The prevalence of late ART initiation was high. Strengthening the mechanisms of early HIV testing and linkage to care are recommended to initiate treatment earlier

Perceived stigma and associated factors among people with epilepsy at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional institution based study

Background: Epilepsy is the world\u2019s most common neurological disorder, affecting approximately 69 million people worldwide. Perceived stigma affects many domains of the lives of people with epilepsy. However, in Ethiopia there is dearth of study on perceived stigma specifically among people with epilepsy. Objective: To assess the prevalence of perceived stigma and associated factors among people with epilepsy (PWE) attending the outpatient department of the University of Gondar hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014. Methods: Institution based quantitative cross - sectional study was employed among 408 individuals people with epilepsy. Single population proportion formula was used utilized to calculate sample size. The participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Perceived stigma was measured using by the modified Family Interview Schedule (FIS) tool. Binary logistic regression analysis and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to identify the associated factors with perceived stigma.. Results: Overall, the prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be 71.6%. Marital status [single (AOR = 0.23, CI: 0.25, 0.90), widowed ( AOR = 0.37, CI: 0.15, 0.90) duration of illness [2-5 years (AOR = 4.38, CI:1.98,9.62, 6-10 years (AOR =4.29, CI:1.90,9.64, 6511 years (AOR = 4.31,CI:1.84,10.00) and seizure frequency of [1- 11per year (AOR=2.34, CI:2.21,3.56), 651per month (AOR = 5.63, CI:3.42,10.32)] were factors associated with perceived stigma. Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be high. Marital status, long duration of illness and seizure frequency were factors associated with perceived stigma

Effective Clinical Teaching Behaviors Views of Nursing Students and Nurse Educators at University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Institution Based Study

Introduction: Clinical teaching behavior is a critical determinant for quality of clinical learning. Nursing students’ and instructor’s perception of effective clinical teaching behavior (ECTB) is important to modify and facilitate clinical education. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to assess the effective clinical teaching behavior (ECTB) as perceived by students and nursing instructors. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional descriptive study design was conducted among 178 participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and self-administered questionnaire. Effective clinical teaching behaviors were measured by Nursing Clinical Teacher Effectiveness Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive and independent sample t-test. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval computed to determine the level of significance. Results: The most important rated ECTB as perceived by students was teaching ability. For instructors, nursing competences was the most rated ECTB. The overall mean of ECTBs of the students and instructors were 4.26 (0.52) and 3.52 (0.74) respectively. There was statistically significant mean difference between them (t = 5.888). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant mean difference between the students' and instructors’ perception of ECTBs. Thus, authors suggest nursing instructors to consider the presence of students who prefers different teaching methods

Prevalence of head injury and associated factors among trauma patients visiting surgical emergency department of Gondar University Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia 2016. Across-sectional study

Background: Traumatic head injury is a common and leading cause of presentations to emergency departments. The burden is prominent in low and middle income countries and the major cause of death and disability. Objective: To assess the prevalence of head injury and associated factors among trauma patients visiting surgical emergency department of Gondar University Referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed with a total sample size of 260 participants from March to April 2016. The study was conducted at Gondar University Referral Hospital, Surgical Emergency Department. A systematic random sampling technique was employed. And the data checked for completeness, consistency and accuracy, entered to EPI info version 3.5.1 and imported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with head injury. P < 0.05, and Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were computed to determine the level of significance. Results: Out of 260 trauma cases, 105 (40.5%) were found to be head injuries. Being a male (AOR = 5.33; 95% CI, 2.095–13.57), being a daily labourer (AOR = 2.873; 95% CI, 1.56–22.090), being unintentional injury (AOR = 3.360; 95% CI, 1.08–10.46), being illiterate (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.007–7.47), and were statically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of head injury was high and being male, being illiterate, a daily labourer and an unintentional injury were determinants. The appropriate prevention measure is the need to decrease the magnitude of head injuries. Keywords: Emergency department, Head injury, Traum

Incidence of Road Traffic Injury and Associated Factors among Patients Visiting the Emergency Department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background. Road traffic injuries are a major public health issue. The problem is increasing in Africa. Objective. To assess the incidence of road traffic injury and associated factors among patients visiting the emergency department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A total of 356 systematically selected study subjects were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify associated factors with road traffic injury. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were computed to determine the level of significance. Results. The incidence of road traffic injury in the emergency department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital was 36.8%. Being a farmer (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.06-10.13), conflict with family members (AOR = 7.7; 95% CI = 3.49-8.84), financial problem (AOR = 9.91; 95% CI = 4.79-6.48), psychological problem (AOR = 17.58; 95% CI = 7.70-12.14), and alcohol use (AOR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.61-5.27) were independently associated with road traffic injury. Conclusion and Recommendation. In this study the incidence of road traffic injury was high. Alcohol is one of the most significant factors associated with Road Traffic Injury. Thus urgent education on the effect of alcohol is recommended

Incidence of Road Traffic Injury and Associated Factors among Patients Visiting the Emergency Department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background. Road traffic injuries are a major public health issue. The problem is increasing in Africa. Objective. To assess the incidence of road traffic injury and associated factors among patients visiting the emergency department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A total of 356 systematically selected study subjects were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify associated factors with road traffic injury. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were computed to determine the level of significance. Results. The incidence of road traffic injury in the emergency department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital was 36.8%. Being a farmer (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.06-10.13), conflict with family members (AOR = 7.7; 95% CI = 3.49-8.84), financial problem (AOR = 9.91; 95% CI = 4.79-6.48), psychological problem (AOR = 17.58; 95% CI = 7.70-12.14), and alcohol use (AOR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.61-5.27) were independently associated with road traffic injury. Conclusion and Recommendation. In this study the incidence of road traffic injury was high. Alcohol is one of the most significant factors associated with Road Traffic Injury. Thus urgent education on the effect of alcohol is recommended