32 research outputs found
Reticulated origin of domesticated emmer wheat supports a dynamic model for the emergence of agriculture in the fertile crescent
We used supernetworks with datasets of nuclear gene sequences and novel markers detecting retrotransposon insertions in ribosomal DNA loci to reassess the evolutionary relationships among tetraploid wheats. We show that domesticated emmer has a reticulated genetic ancestry, sharing phylogenetic signals with wild populations from all parts of the wild range. The extent of the genetic reticulation cannot be explained by post-domestication gene flow between cultivated emmer and wild plants, and the phylogenetic relationships among tetraploid wheats are incompatible with simple linear descent of the domesticates from a single wild population. A more parsimonious explanation of the data is that domesticated emmer originates from a hybridized population of different wild lineages. The observed diversity and reticulation patterns indicate that wild emmer evolved in the southern Levant, and that the wild emmer populations in south-eastern Turkey and the Zagros Mountains are relatively recent reticulate descendants of a subset of the Levantine wild populations. Based on our results we propose a new model for the emergence of domesticated emmer. During a pre-domestication period, diverse wild populations were collected from a large area west of the Euphrates and cultivated in mixed stands. Within these cultivated stands, hybridization gave rise to lineages displaying reticulated genealogical relationships with their ancestral populations. Gradual movement of early farmers out of the Levant introduced the pre-domesticated reticulated lineages to the northern and eastern parts of the Fertile Crescent, giving rise to the local wild populations but also facilitating fixation of domestication traits. Our model is consistent with the protracted and dispersed transition to agriculture indicated by the archaeobotanical evidence, and also with previous genetic data affiliating domesticated emmer with the wild populations in southeast Turkey. Unlike other protracted models, we assume that humans played an intuitive role throughout the process.Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E015948/1]; Slovak Research and Development Agency [APVV-0661-10, APVV-0197-10]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Recommended from our members
Texas Business Review, April 1962
The Business Situation in Texas; Three States of Farming: Texas, Russia and China; Home Building, 1962: A Trend Toward Value; Behind the NASA Move to HoustonBureau of Business Researc
Recommended from our members
Texas Business Review, July 1962
The Business Situation in Texas; The Texas Cotton Compress Industry: Geographical Trends; Texas Builds to Meet its Hospital Needs; Accounting Can Measure Executive PerformanceBureau of Business Researc
Recommended from our members
Texas Business Review, January 1962
The Business Situation in Texas; A Primer of Urban Ecology; Fallout Shelters: Construction Boon; LP Goes the Rural RouteBureau of Business Researc
Recommended from our members
Texas Business Review, August 1962
The Business Situation in Texas; Texas Construction Leaps Forward in 1962; Retail Sales: First Half 1962; New Light on Old PagesBureau of Business Researc
Recommended from our members
Texas Business Review, February 1962
The Business Situation in Texas; Texas Industrial Expansion; Construction - Another Record Year; Retail Sales Show Upward TrendBureau of Business Researc
Recommended from our members
Texas Business Review, October 1962
The Business Situation in Texas; Education for Business; Automation of Banking Operations; School construction and Population WavesBureau of Business Researc
Recommended from our members
Texas Business Review, September 1960
The Business Situation in Texas; Industrial Production: A Challenging Device in Modern Decision Making; Agriculture: Citrus Fruits: A Valley of Gold; Construction: Nonresidential Surge Offsets Weak Demand for New Homes; Retail Trade: Retail Sales in July Down Slightly from June; The Electronics Industry and TexasBureau of Business Researc
Recommended from our members
Texas Business Review, May 1961
The Business Situation in Texas; Population Growth in Texas Counties 1950-1960; March Retail Sales Best Since Last November; Construction Valuations Reach New High With Push From NonresidentialBureau of Business Researc