Inovação aberta na geração de tecnologias digitais que apoiam o agricultor.

Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso envolvendo projetos de PD&I executados na Embrapa que mostra como o fomento a projetos de inovação aberta pode resultar na geração de ativos importantes para a oferta de soluções que auxiliam na digitalização do setor agrícola e amplificam o alcance dos agricultores a informações e tecnologias.SBIAgro 2023

Results from on-the-ground efforts to promote sustainable cattle ranching in the Brazilian Amazon

Agriculture in Brazil is booming. Brazil has the world’s second largest cattle herd and is the second largest producer of soybeans, with the production of beef, soybeans, and bioethanol forecast to increase further. Questions remain, however, about how Brazil can reconcile increases in agricultural production with protection of its remaining natural vegetation. While high hopes have been placed on the potential for intensification of low-productivity cattle ranching to spare land for other agricultural uses, cattle productivity in the Amazon biome (29% of the Brazilian cattle herd) remains stubbornly low, and it is not clear how to realize theoretical productivity gains in practice. We provide results from six initiatives in the Brazilian Amazon, which are successfully improving cattle productivity in beef and dairy production on more than 500,000 hectares of pastureland, while supporting compliance with the Brazilian Forest Code. Spread across diverse geographies, and using a wide range of technologies, participating farms have improved productivity by 30-490%. High-productivity cattle ranching requires some initial investment (R$1300-6900/ha or US$410-2180/ha), with average pay-back times of 2.5-8.5 years. We conclude by reflecting on the challenges that must be overcome to scale up these young initiatives, avoid rebound increases in deforestation, and mainstream sustainable cattle ranching in the Amazon.E.K.H.J.zE was funded by BBSRC grant BB/J014540/1 and the Tim Whitmore 215 Trust Fund

Manometria esofágica e estudo vetorcardiográfico em pacientes assintomáticos portadores de Doença de Chagas

The indeterminate form of Chagas' disease is characterized by positive serology for the disease in the absence of clinical findings and in the presence of both normal esophagogram and electrocardiogram. When more sensitive methods were used, abnormalities have been described either in the esophagus or in the heart. The authors have studied simultaneously the esophagus and the heart in the same subjects. In thirteen adults with diagnosis of indeterminate form and nine adult controls, the esophageal manometry both in basal conditions and after stimulus (bethanecol) and vectorcardiogram were performed. In the control group none of the subjects presented concomitant esophageal and cardiac alterations while in the chagasic group 92,3% of the patients presented results simultaneously altered. It is concluded that the studied patients showed indications of parasympathetic denervation manifested by simultaneously esophageal and heart alterations.A forma indeterminada da Doença de Chagas é caracterizada por sorologia positiva com ausência de manifestações clínicas, na presença de resultados normais aos exames radiológico do tubo digestivo e eletrocardiográfico. No presente trabalho, os autores estudam simultaneamente o esôfago e o coração, nos mesmos indivíduos. Treze adultos com diagnóstico de forma indeterminada da Doença de Chagas e nove adultos controles foram submetidos ao exame vetorcardiográfico e à manometria esofágica em condições basais e sob estímulo com cloridrato de betanecol (0,08 mg/kg p.c). No grupo controle nenhum dos indivíduos apresentou concomitância de alterações esofágicas e cardíacas, enquanto no grupo chagásico 92,3% dos pacientes apresentaram exames concomitantemente alterados. Concluem que os pacientes estudados apresentam evidências de desnervação parassimpática manifestada por alterações simultâneas esofágicas e cardíacas

Megaíleo chagásico: Descrição de um caso

É apresentado um caso de megaíleo de natureza chagásica. O paciente, portador da Doença de Chagas, branco com 41 anos, apresentava história de 3 anos de episódios de eólicas abdominais, distensão e diarréia, que foram se tornando mais intensas e mais freqüentes. Fora das crises, apresentava-se assintomático. O diagnóstico de megaíleo foi estabelecido por meio do estudo radiológico contrastado do intestino delgado. O estudo histológico realizado em fragmento obtido à intervenção cirúrgica mostrou diminuição do número de células ganglionares dos plexos mientéricos

Il comportamento acustico di edifici realizzati con struttura X-Lam

Gli edifici leggeri in legno stanno diventando una soluzione sempre più presente nel- la realtà costruttiva italiana. Questi posseggono indubbie doti di facilità di allestimento di cantiere e di velocità realizzativa. Inoltre, l’industrializzazione molto efficiente del processo di produzione ha ridotto i rischi di errori di progetto e di posa in opera. Le tipologie costruttive di questo tipo constano principalmente di due modelli: a te- laio (blockhouse, platformeframe, baloonframe), oppure a parete piena portante. La se- conda tecnologia contiene la parete prefabbricata di tipo X-LAM, dove pannelli di legno lamellare vengono uniti per formare pareti o solai con caratteristiche portanti, introdu- cendo problematiche progettuali in fase di previsione dei requisiti acustici passivi degli edifici. In questo lavoro, viene affrontata una prima disamina delle prestazioni di tali struttu- re al grezzo, con particolare focalizzazione ai risultati ottenuti con specifiche prove in opera. Queste hanno indagato il comportamento vibro-acustico di strutture orizzontali con diverse tipologie di connessioni. I risultati dimostrano come un procedimento indu- striale di produzione in serie e una progettazione per il collocamento dei vari pannelli comporti una costanza di prestazioni fornite anche col variare delle dimensioni e dei giunti

On the dynamic stiffness of materials used under floating floors: analysis of the resonance frequency dependence by excitation force amplitude using different measurement techniques

ISO 9052-1 provides for the determination of the dynamic stiffness of materials used under floating floors in dwellings. The measurement technique is based on the resonant frequency of the fundamental vertical vibration of a spring-mass system achieved in the test. Either sinusoidal, white noise or pulse signals are used. When using a sinusoidal excitation signal, the tested material shows a dependence between the resonant frequency and the amplitude of the excitation force. A specific procedure for this calculation is given in the standard. There is no similar procedure for the pulse signal method, even though the amplitude of the excitation pulse may affect the resonant frequency. In this paper, a measurement procedure using both sinusoidal and pulse signals techniques is described and analyzed in order to determine the correct value of the dynamic stiffness of a material in relation to the real dependence of the resonant frequency by excitation force amplitude. The tests using sinusoidal signals show that the relation between the resonant frequency and the force amplitude is inverse with a logarithmic trend. The results are in agreement with those of the pulse signals, which underwent a similar analysis

Acoustic comfort applied to the living spaces of people with autism: designing interactive and supportive environments

Buildings and spaces for living, working, caring and learning needs to be reconsidered and follow new design criteria. The change must be increasingly focused on the end users and thus to be adaptable by subjects with different profiles. The right combination of design and smart technologies can enable new and interesting changes. It is therefore important to understand users comfort criteria. People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present requirements that are not in line with traditional and standard ones. Therefore, the characteristics of the spaces dedicated to them must also be able to accommodate several aspects that this type of pervasive disorders may involve. The present study will focus on a spatial analysis of the environments dedicated to ASD individuals like schools, day centres and apartments and will introduce some hypotheses of possible technological implementations supporting their autonomy, families and caregivers