7 research outputs found
la RĂšgle du Feedback (Feedbackruler): un outil pour optimiser les apprentissages et le bien-ĂȘtre des Ă©lĂšves
Le feedback est un levier essentiel pour les apprentissages (Hattie, 2018). Cependant, il reste un des aspects les plus nĂ©gligĂ©s dans les pratiques Ă©ducatives (Carless & Boud, 2018) : en effet, peu de formations spĂ©cifiques sont dispensĂ©es aux enseignants et peu (ou pas) dâoutils pĂ©dagogiques prenant en compte explicitement la dimension dâun feedback efficace et explicite sont destinĂ©s aux Ă©lĂšves. Les avantages de lâart du feedback sont pourtant bien Ă©tablis pour les Ă©lĂšves, mais aussi pour le personnel enseignant. En effet, en pratiquant des rĂ©troactions bien calibrĂ©es, ces derniers dĂ©veloppent leur capacitĂ© Ă raisonner sur leurs actions et observer leurs impacts sur la rĂ©gulation de lâactivitĂ© des Ă©lĂšves (pratique rĂ©flexive).
AprĂšs une revue de littĂ©rature sur le feedback en Ă©ducation (de 2010 Ă 2021), la premiĂšre auteure de cette contribution a identifiĂ© les diffĂ©rentes caractĂ©ristiques du feedback sur lesquelles la recherche semble faire consensus. Par exemple, le type de feedback, le moment oĂč donner un feedback, la façon de le donner,⊠(e.g. Chappelow & McCauley, 2019; Johnson et al., 2016; Hattie & Timperley, 2007; Hyland, 2013; Lichtenberger-MajziknĂ© & Fischer 2017; Rettger; 2018; Rettger, 2018; Voerman, et al., 2014). A partir de cela, elle a dĂ©veloppĂ© un nouveau modĂšle de feedback quâelle a couplĂ© Ă la recherche en Psychologie positive (Lucciarini, 2020). LâidĂ©e est de permettre dâoptimiser les apprentissages des Ă©lĂšves en mettant au cĆur du feedback leur bien-ĂȘtre et ce, en dĂ©veloppant trois besoins repris de la thĂ©orie de lâautodĂ©terminationâŻ: les besoins dâautonomie, de relation et de compĂ©tence (Deci & Ryan, 2012). Le modĂšle contient six Ă©lĂ©ments : la demande, les points forts, les progrĂšs, les dĂ©fis, le plan d'action et lâouverture. Chaque Ă©lĂ©ment est agrĂ©mentĂ© de questions-clĂ©s pour guider les utilisateurs. Dans lâoptique dâimplĂ©menter ce modĂšle en contexte scolaire, celui-ci a Ă©tĂ© graphisĂ© puis transfĂ©rĂ© sur un outil Ă utiliser en classe: la RĂšgle du Feedback.
La prochaine Ă©tape, et objectif de la prĂ©sente communication, est de prĂ©senter des pistes dâamĂ©lioration autour de cet outil en analysant les retours dâinformation de ses utilisateurs, des Ă©lĂšves du secondaire 2 et des enseignants des degrĂ©s primaires et secondaires. Les utilisateurs se prononcent en particulier sur la pertinence, la cohĂ©rence et les effets supposĂ©s de lâoutil sur diffĂ©rentes dimensions liĂ©es aux apprentissages et au bien-ĂȘtre des Ă©lĂšves. La communication offrira un temps dâĂ©change avec les participant·es sur les rĂ©sultats en vue de lâoptimisation de lâoutil
Caries diagnosis using light fluorescence devices: VistaProof and DIAGNOdent
The modern concept of minimally invasive dentistry encompasses early detection of incipient carious lesions and their treatment. Due to the low sensitivity of visual inspection and radiography in the detection of occlusal hidden carious lesions under a macroscopically sound surface, several devices have been developed to increase detection accuracy. DIAGNOdent is one of the tools used for that purpose and VistaProof is a new device recently introduced into the market. They both use light fluorescence to detect incipient carious lesions. DIAGNOdent is based on the fact that carious lesions show higher level of fluorescence than sound tissues when excited by light at specific wavelength. Vistaproof is based on the same principle, but it uses a different wavelength of excitation than DIAGNOdent and a video camera for the detection of fluorescence. The aim of this article was to compare these two devices and present their clinical use
A randomized trial of spiritual assessment of outpatients with schizophrenia: Patients' and clinicians' experience
Objective: Recovery-oriented care for patients with schizophrenia involves consideration of cultural issues, such as religion and spirituality. However, there is evidence that psychiatrists rarely address such topics. This study examined acceptance of a spiritual assessment by patients and clinicians, suggestions for treatment that arose from the assessment, and patient outcomes-in terms of treatment compliance and satisfaction with care (as measured by treatment alliance). Methods: Outpatients with psychosis were randomly assigned to two groups: an intervention group that received traditional treatment and a religious and spiritual assessment (N=40) and a control group that received only traditional treatment (N=38). Eight psychiatrists were trained to administer the assessment to their established and stable patients. After each administration, the psychiatrist attended a supervision session with a psychiatrist and a psychologist of religion. Baseline and three-month data were collected. Results: The spiritual assessment was well accepted by patients. During supervision, psychiatrists reported potential clinical uses for the assessment information for 67% of patients. No between-group differences in medication adherence and satisfaction with care were found at three months, although patients in the in- tervention group had significantly better appointment attendance dur- ing the follow-up period. Their interest in discussing religion and spirituality with their psychiatrists remained high. The process was not as well accepted by psychiatrists. Conclusions: Spiritual assessment can raise important clinical issues in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia. Cultural factors, such as religion and spirituality, should be considered early in clinical training, because many clinicians are not at ease addressing such topics with patients