3,091 research outputs found
Effects of high airline pressures on stunning cattle with pneumatically powered captive bolt guns.
Direct Measurement of Nuclear Dependence of Charged Current Quasielastic-like Neutrino Interactions using MINERvA
Charged-current interactions on carbon, iron, and lead with a
final state hadronic system of one or more protons with zero mesons are used to
investigate the influence of the nuclear environment on quasielastic-like
interactions. The transfered four-momentum squared to the target nucleus,
, is reconstructed based on the kinematics of the leading proton, and
differential cross sections versus and the cross-section ratios of iron,
lead and carbon to scintillator are measured for the first time in a single
experiment. The measurements show a dependence on atomic number. While the
quasielastic-like scattering on carbon is compatible with predictions, the
trends exhibited by scattering on iron and lead favor a prediction with
intranuclear rescattering of hadrons accounted for by a conventional particle
cascade treatment. These measurements help discriminate between different
models of both initial state nucleons and final state interactions used in the
neutrino oscillation experiments
First principles studies of a Xe atom adsorbed on Nb(110) surface
We study adsorption sites of a single Xe adatom on Nb(110) surface using a
density functional theory approach: The on-top site is the most favorable
position for the adsorption. We compare the binding features of the present
study to earlier studies of a Xe adatom on close-packed (111) surface of
face-centered cubic metals. The different features are attributed through a
microscopic picture to the less than half filled d-states in Nb.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Does Cultural Competency Training of Health Professionals Improve Patient Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Proposed Algorithm for Future Research
BACKGROUND: Cultural competency training has been proposed as a way to improve patient outcomes. There is a need for evidence showing that these interventions reduce health disparities.
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to conduct a systematic review addressing the effects of cultural competency training on patient-centered outcomes; assess quality of studies and strength of effect; and propose a framework for future research.
DESIGN: The authors performed electronic searches in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ERIC, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science databases for original articles published in English between 1990 and 2010, and a bibliographic hand search. Studies that reported cultural competence educational interventions for health professionals and measured impact on patients and/or health care utilization as primary or secondary outcomes were included.
MEASUREMENTS: Four authors independently rated studies for quality using validated criteria and assessed the training effect on patient outcomes. Due to study heterogeneity, data were not pooled; instead, qualitative synthesis and analysis were conducted.
RESULTS: Seven studies met inclusion criteria. Three involved physicians, two involved mental health professionals and two involved multiple health professionals and students. Two were quasi-randomized, two were cluster randomized, and three were pre/post field studies. Study quality was low to moderate with none of high quality; most studies did not adequately control for potentially confounding variables. Effect size ranged from no effect to moderately beneficial (unable to assess in two studies). Three studies reported positive (beneficial) effects; none demonstrated a negative (harmful) effect.
CONCLUSION: There is limited research showing a positive relationship between cultural competency training and improved patient outcomes, but there remains a paucity of high quality research. Future work should address challenges limiting quality. We propose an algorithm to guide educators in designing and evaluating curricula, to rigorously demonstrate the impact on patient outcomes and health disparities
Reducing model bias in a deep learning classifier using domain adversarial neural networks in the MINERvA experiment
We present a simulation-based study using deep convolutional neural networks
(DCNNs) to identify neutrino interaction vertices in the MINERvA passive
targets region, and illustrate the application of domain adversarial neural
networks (DANNs) in this context. DANNs are designed to be trained in one
domain (simulated data) but tested in a second domain (physics data) and
utilize unlabeled data from the second domain so that during training only
features which are unable to discriminate between the domains are promoted.
MINERvA is a neutrino-nucleus scattering experiment using the NuMI beamline at
Fermilab. -dependent cross sections are an important part of the physics
program, and these measurements require vertex finding in complicated events.
To illustrate the impact of the DANN we used a modified set of simulation in
place of physics data during the training of the DANN and then used the label
of the modified simulation during the evaluation of the DANN. We find that deep
learning based methods offer significant advantages over our prior track-based
reconstruction for the task of vertex finding, and that DANNs are able to
improve the performance of deep networks by leveraging available unlabeled data
and by mitigating network performance degradation rooted in biases in the
physics models used for training.Comment: 41 page
First evidence of coherent meson production in neutrino-nucleus scattering
Neutrino-induced charged-current coherent kaon production,
, is a rare, inelastic electroweak process
that brings a on shell and leaves the target nucleus intact in its ground
state. This process is significantly lower in rate than neutrino-induced
charged-current coherent pion production, because of Cabibbo suppression and a
kinematic suppression due to the larger kaon mass. We search for such events in
the scintillator tracker of MINERvA by observing the final state ,
and no other detector activity, and by using the kinematics of the final state
particles to reconstruct the small momentum transfer to the nucleus, which is a
model-independent characteristic of coherent scattering. We find the first
experimental evidence for the process at significance.Comment: added ancillary file with information about the six kaon candidate
Measurement of Total and Differential Cross Sections of Neutrino and Antineutrino Coherent Production on Carbon
Neutrino induced coherent charged pion production on nuclei,
, is a rare inelastic interaction in
which the four-momentum squared transfered to the nucleus is nearly zero,
leaving it intact. We identify such events in the scintillator of MINERvA by
reconstructing |t| from the final state pion and muon momenta and by removing
events with evidence of energetic nuclear recoil or production of other final
state particles. We measure the total neutrino and antineutrino cross sections
as a function of neutrino energy between 2 and 20 GeV and measure flux
integrated differential cross sections as a function of , and
. The dependence and equality of the neutrino and
anti-neutrino cross-sections at finite provide a confirmation of Adler's
PCAC hypothesis
Measurement of the muon anti-neutrino double-differential cross section for quasi-elastic scattering on hydrocarbon at~ GeV
We present double-differential measurements of anti-neutrino quasi-elastic
scattering in the MINERvA detector. This study improves on a previous single
differential measurement by using updated reconstruction algorithms and
interaction models, and provides a complete description of observed muon
kinematics in the form of a double-differential cross section with respect to
muon transverse and longitudinal momentum. We include in our signal definition
zero-meson final states arising from multi-nucleon interactions and from
resonant pion production followed by pion absorption in the primary nucleus. We
find that model agreement is considerably improved by a model tuned to MINERvA
inclusive neutrino scattering data that incorporates nuclear effects such as
weak nuclear screening and two-particle, two-hole enhancements.Comment: 47 pages, 31 figure
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