Typefaces for Children's Reading

This article deals with the contrasting views of designers, educationalists and scientific legibility researchers concerning children’s typefaces. Guidelines about typefaces and their legibility for beginner readers remain inconclusive due to these different perspectives. The article first discusses the opinions of each of these parties on children’s typefaces. Educationalists’ views are often based on prejudices and forces of habit. Designers tend to follow the views of their potential clients and scientific legibility researchers often lack typographical knowledge for creating valid test material. To conclude, a new perspective on a need for collaboration between the different parties within typographic design research is suggested. This approach might be able not only to acquire a deeper understanding and explanation of the question which typefaces are best for children, but also for the development and design of concrete new, functional typefaces and/or guidelines

OVERLAP: The No Mans Land between Art & Science

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EVALUATION OF ENERGY SAVING SCHEMES IN AN APPLE COOL STORE USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

Energy consumption concerns raised questions about the current temperature and air flow regimes in cool storage facilities. Energy saving schemes were explored in terms of temperature fluctuations and energy use. In this paper, the implementation of fluctuating cooling air temperature at constant air exchange rate , 8h at 0.6°C and 16h at 1.2°C, according to a day-night regime, was examined experimentally and by use of a porous medium CFD model of an apple fruit cool store. With the model, different evaporator coil fan cycling schemes, including 12 hours on - 12 hours off; 10 hours on - 14 hours off; and 8 hours on - 16 hours off were then investigated. The study showed the possibility of energy savings through a day-night cycling of temperature set point with on-off cycling of the air circulation fan without excessive temperature fluctuationsstatus: publishe

Analysis of the spatiotemporal temperature fluctuations inside an apple cool store in response to energy use concerns

Energy cost concerns have led to question the temperature and air flow regimes in cool store facilities. In this paper, a CFD model of the air flow and temperature dynamics inside an apple fruit cool store was developed, validated and used to analyze energy cost saving alternatives. Load shifting was attempted by cycling the temperature set point between 1.2 °C and 0.6 °C following a day/night regime. Discontinuous use of the cooling operation, including 12 h on/12 h off; 10 h on/14 h off; and 8 h on/16 h off, was also investigated. The study showed that the air circulation fan is the major source of heat load. Hence, an attempt to reduce energy cost should first deliberate on reducing the fan operation time. The study developed a generic tool to analyze temperature control options inside an apple cool store in response to energy use concerns.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Analysis of the spatiotemporal temperature fluctuations inside an apple cool store in response to energy use concerns journaltitle: International Journal of Refrigeration articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.02.004 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.status: publishe