A Form of Inherited Cerebellar Ataxia with Saccadic Intrusions, Increased Saccadic Speed, Sensory Neuropathy, and Myoclonus

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72602/1/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02850.x.pd

Biological resources of the Fabaceae family in the Cretaceous south of Russia as a source of starting material for drought-resistance selection

The aim of this work is the study of biological resources of the genera Medicago and Trifolium species in Cretaceous South of the Central Russian Upland as the most valuable in genetic and economic term

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ В ОЦЕНКЕ СТОИМОСТИ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО КАПИТАЛА

Presence at the enterprise znanievyh resources determines its capacity for sustainable and competitive development. The set of knowledge, skills and abilities (which has operational and management personnel), including transformed in intangible and other assets are considered to be the intellectual capital of the enterprise. Empirically, the presence of the intellectual capital of the enterprise can be identified by its success in the market and the ability to generate a high value added product. However, scientific and methodological point of view, approaches to assessing intellectual capital are currently not standardized and do not provide an objective valuation of the capital.This paper presents an overview of the methodological approaches to the valuation of the intellectual capital of companies and shows the problems of using these approaches in analytical procedures. Based on the materials conclusion about the necessity of further development of the intellectual capital evaluation methods enterprises it was made.The purpose / goal. The purpose of this article is to study the specifics of basic methodological approaches to the valuation of the intellectual capital of enterprises. Moreover, among the main tasks is to provide: an analysis of the most frequently used techniques in the Russian and international practice, assessment of intellectual capital.Methodology. The article is a content analysis of the theoretical and scientific-methodical positions, describing the key and the most frequently used Russian and international approaches to the evaluation of the intellectual capital of enterprises.Conclusions / relevance. The practical significance of this paper is to identify the main issues that arise in the evaluation of the intellectual capital of the enterprises, which determines the need for further scientific development and complement the currently used evaluation methods.Наличие у предприятия знаниевых ресурсов определяет его способности к устойчивому и конкурентоспособному развитию. Совокупность знаний, умений и навыков (которыми обладает операционный и управленческий персонал), в том числе трансформированных в нематериальные и прочие активы, рассматриваются как интеллектуальный капитал предприятия. Эмпирически наличие интеллектуального капитала у предприятия можно идентифицировать через его успешность на рынке и способность формировать высокую добавленную стоимость в продукте. Однако с научно-методической точки зрения подходы к оценке интеллектуального капитала в настоящее время не являются унифицированными и не позволяют получить объективную стоимостную оценку этого капитала.В данной работе представлен обзор методических подходов к оценке стоимости интеллектуального капитала предприятий и показаны проблемы использования этих подходов в аналитических процедурах. На основе изложенных материалов был сделан вывод о необходимости дальнейшего развития методов оценки интеллектуального капитала предприятий.Цель/задачи. Цель данной статьи состоит в исследовании специфики основных методических подходов к оценке стоимости интеллектуального капитала предприятий. При этом среди основных задач стоит выделить: анализ наиболее часто используемых методик в российской и зарубежной практике оценки интеллектуального капитала.Методология. Статья представляет собой контент-анализ теоретических и научно-методических положений, описывающих ключевые и наиболее часто используемые российские и зарубежные подходы к оценке интеллектуального капитала предприятий.Выводы/значимость. Практическая значимость статьи состоит в определении основных проблем, которые возникают при оценке интеллектуального капитала предприятий, что предопределяет необходимость дальнейшего научного развития и дополнения используемых в настоящее время оценочных методов

Investigation of the post-cryogenic regeneration ability of potato varieties under different cultivation conditions

Cryopreservation provides long-term storage of the gene pool of potato varieties in cryobanks at extremely low temperatures. Currently, droplet vitrification is the most widely used method for cryopreservation of potato varieties, which is constantly improving to increase the regeneration rates of the stored plant material. Different modifications of this method are used in the world’s leading potato genebanks. This paper presents the results of studying the effect of cultivation conditions after plunging into liquid nitrogen and thawing of shoots tips and axillary buds of in vitro plants on their postcryogenic recovery. The droplet-vitrification method modified at VIR was used for cryopreservation. The factor “prolonged dark incubation of explants” did not have a significant effect on the frequency of post-cryogenic regeneration of the studied varieties except for one variety (Krepysh), for which a significant increase in the regeneration rate was observed for the shoot tips cultivated in the darkness compared to the cultivation under the photoperiod 16/8 hours (light/darkness). The frequency of post-cryogenic regeneration of shoot tips was higher than that of the axillary buds for all varieties; however, these differences were significant (p < 0.05) only in two cases: for the variety Udacha (a photoperiod of 16/8 hours) and for the variety Krepysh (the dark incubation). The results of two-factor analysis of variance indicate that there is no effect of interaction of factor 1 (prolonged dark incubation) and factor 2 (explant type) on the ability of varieties to post-cryogenic recovery. Taking into account the obtained results, the further cryopreservation of an extended subset of 9 varieties was carried out using shoot tips, which, after freezing-thawing, were cultivated under the photoperiod of 16/8 hours. The frequency of post-cryogenic regeneration of these varieties varied from 30 to 60 %. A significant effect of genotype on postcryogenic recovery has been established. The ability of varieties to regenerate shoots after freezing and thawing was not related to the values of morphogenic indices of in vitro plants. The age of the meriklons (2–4 years) did not significantly affect either the morphogenic indices or the frequency of post-cryogenic regeneration

The importance of pathogenicity factors of some Streptococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp. in determining their etiological role in the inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract

Together with the known pathogens of inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract in clinical practice are often found representatives of Streptococcus and Klebsiella, previously considered commensals of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. The exchange of genetic information facilitates the transfer of virulence factors between strains not only within the species but also within the genus. In such cases, the acquisition of virulence genes by nonpathogenic species from representatives of pathogenic species contributes to the manifestation of previously not typical properties. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the virulence of opportunistic Streptococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp. in inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract and substantiate their etiological role in the development of the disease. We studied 220 strains of Streptococcus spp. and 97 strains of Klebsiella spp., isolated from patients with inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract and from healthy individuals. Strains of Streptococcus spp. were investigated for the presence of virulence genes: sagA, lmb, fapl, ply, lytA. Strains of Klebsiella spp. were examined for the presence of virulence genes: MrkD, magA, kfu. The phenotypic marker of lmb gene expression in Streptococcus and MrkD gene in Klebsiella was the indicator of adhesion of isolated strains to buccal epithelial cells. Expression of the fapl gene was evaluated in a phenotypic biofilm formation test. In individuals with upper respiratory tract inflammation, the most common types of strepto -cocci were: S. mitis, S. anginosus, and S. oralis. Strains of these species isolated from inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract had 2—4 times greater adhesiveness than strains isolated from healthy individuals. Phenotypic determination of the ability to biofilm formation showed that strains of Streptococcus containing the fapl gene formed a dense biofilm in contrast to strains without the fapl gene. K. oxytoca strains isolated from people with sinusitis had mrkd, magA, and kfu virulence genes that are characteristic of K. pneumoniae strains. In phenotypic tests, it was found that the value of the adhesion index in K. oxytoca strains isolated from patients is 4 times higher than in strains of this species isolated from healthy individuals. Thus, to confirm the etiological role of an opportunistic microorganism in the development of the infectious process, it is necessary to be guided by data on the genetic and phenotypic markers of virulence of the isolated strain

Терапевтическая эффективность отечественных антигельминтиков на основе моксидектина при дирофиляриозе собак

The purpose of the research is to determine the therapeutic efficiency of the moxidectin-based domestic anthelmintics and develop protocol of medical and preventive activities in dog's dirofilariasis under the conditions of Central Black Earth Region of Russia. Materials and methods. Blood from ill dogs infected naturally with both species of dirofilariases that was tested for presence of helminths' larvae by Millipore® (Ireland) membrane filter method served as the material for the research. Experimental groups were formed out of 76 infected with dirofilariasis dogs aged 1-14 years under the principle of analogs to determine the therapeutic efficiency of moxidectin-based domestic anthelmintics. Drugs weren’t administered into intact animals of the first group (n = 21). MKTc Ankir-B® in the dose of 500 mg per animal was administered orally to animals of the second group (n = 19) as placebo. Inspector Total C anthelmintic was administered in the single dose of 2.5 mg per kg of body weight to the third group of dogs (n = 19) epidermally, Helmimax anthelmintic was administered in the single dose of 0.25 mg per kg of body weight orally to animals of the fourth group (n = 17). During experiments animals were examined clinically and hemolarvoscopically before administration of drugs and on the 3rd, 14th, 30th, 45th and 60th day after administration. Results and discussion. Inspector Total C anthelmintic in the dose of 2.5 mg per kg according to an active substance in the form of spot-on and Helmimax anthelmintic in the dose of 0.25 mg per kg according to an active substance in single administration in dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens species dirofilariasis have 100 % microfilaricidal efficiency. Anthelmintics do not change physiological parameters, do not cause side effects and well tolerated by animals. It should be noted that drugs therapeutic action starts on the third day after treatment regardless of the infection intensity and germ's species. Complete demolition of dirofilariasis adult stages are achieved in chronic administration during 6 months (once per month).Цель исследований: определить терапевтическую эффективность отечественных антигельминтиков на основе моксидектина и разработать протокол лечебно-профилактических мероприятий при дирофиляриозе собак в условиях Центрально-Черноземного региона России. Материалы и методы. Материалом для исследований служила кровь от больных собак, зараженных дирофиляриями обоих видов в естественных условиях, которую исследовали на наличие личинок гельминтов методом фильтрации через мембранные фильтры Millipore® (Ирландия). Из 76 зараженных дирофиляриями собак разных пород в возрасте от 1 до 14 лет были сформированы опытные группы по принципу аналогов для определения терапевтической эффективности отечественных антигельминтиков на основе моксидектина. Интактным животным первой группы (n = 21) препараты не вводили. Животным второй группы (n = 19) в качестве placebo перорально вводили МКЦ «Анкир-Б®» в дозе 500 мг/гол. Третьей группе собак (n = 19) применяли антигельминтик «Инспектор Тотал С» в дозе 2,5 мг/кг массы тела однократно, накожно, четвертой (n = 17) - антигельминтик гельмимакс в дозе 0,25 мг/кг массы тела однократно, перорально. В ходе опытов животных обследовали клинически и гемоларвоскопически до введения препаратов, а также на 3, 14, 30, 45 и 60-е сутки после. Результаты и обсуждение. Антигельминтики «Инспектор Тотал С» в дозе 2,5 мг/кг по ДВ в форме спот-он и гельмимакс в дозе 0,25 мг/кг по ДВ перорально при однократном применении у собак, инвазированных дирофиляриями видов Dirofilaria immitis и D. repens, обладают 100%-ной микрофилярицидной эффективностью. Антигельминтики не изменяют физиологических показателей, не вызывают побочных эффектов и хорошо переносятся животными. Следует отметить, что терапевтическое действие препаратов наступает уже на третьи сутки после обработки независимо от интенсивности инвазии и вида возбудителя. При длительном применении на протяжении 6 мес. (один раз в месяц) в вышеуказанных дозах достигается полное уничтожение имагинальных дирофилярий

Riistaeläinten populaatioiden dynamiikka Pohjois-Euroopassa: tiivistelmä : 7. kansainvälinen symposium. 24. – 28. Syyskuuta

We have studied Black Grouse population abundance and its dynamics in large regions of North-Europe and Urals’ taiga (Finland, Russian Karelia, Murmansk, Arhangel, Kirov and Komi regions and). The data is based on Winter Track Counts (WTC, Priklonski, 1973), where all grouse sightings are recorded. We also studied the longterm Black Grouse abundance changes in Russian and Belarus Natural Reserves (by “Chronical of Natural” Programme, including summer counts of forest grouses): Pinezhsky, Pechoro-Ilychskiy, National Park "Mechera", Nature Reserve "Kivach", "Bryansk Forest", Kostomuksha Nature Reserve Volzhsko-Kamsky National Nature Biosphere Reserve and Visimskiy State Nature Reserves. The highest and most stable abundances of Black Grouse were recorded from East Fennoscandia (Karelia – 3.6 birds per 10 km; Finland – 4.4, coefficient of variation – 12% and 27%, respectively), whereas in the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk Regions and Komi republic, e.g. the species abundance indices were 0.5, 2.5 and 1.1 birds per 10 km, respectively. The “Peak” and minimal abundance years do not concur in different regions of north-European taiga. In Komi in the period from 2001 to 2013, the number of the black grouse declined twice, in Arhangel in the period 30 years – decreased fivefold. In Tatarstan Republic (Volzhsko-Kamsky National Nature Biosphere Reserve) after 1980 abundance decreased rapidly and at last 10 tears – disappeared. In Central Siberia BG are small in numbers and rare. The data suggest Black Grouse abundance varies significantly across Northern Eurasia and among years. One may presume there are some factors acting in different directions: towards convergence and towards divergence of the trends.Peer reviewe

Defining language impairments in a subgroup of children with autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed on the basis of core impairments in pragmatic language skills, which are found across all ages and subtypes. In contrast, there is significant heterogeneity in language phenotypes, ranging from nonverbal to superior linguistic abilities, as defined on standardized tests of vocabulary and grammatical knowledge. The majority of children are verbal but impaired in language, relative to age-matched peers. One hypothesis is that this subgroup has ASD and co-morbid specific language impairment (SLI). An experiment was conducted comparing children with ASD to children with SLI and typically developing controls on aspects of language processing that have been shown to be impaired in children with SLI: repetition of nonsense words. Patterns of performance among the children with ASD and language impairment were similar to those with SLI, and contrasted with the children with ASD and no language impairment and typical controls, providing further evidence for the hypothesis that a subgroup of children with ASD has co-morbid SLI. The findings are discussed in the context of brain imaging studies that have explored the neural bases of language impairment in ASD and SLI, and overlap in the genes associated with elevated risk for these disorders.M01 RR00533 - NCRR NIH HHS; R01 DC10290 - NIDCD NIH HHS; U19 DC03610 - NIDCD NIH HH