1D Sediment Transport Modeling for a Sustainable Sediment Management: Two Case Studies of Reservoir Flushing

Sediment Transpor

Numerical modelling of the sediment dynamics in Saint-Martin-la-Porte reservoir, France

Water Qualit

Supervised Physical Activity Quickly Improves Social Dimension of Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients

PurposeThe objectives of the present study was to evaluate the implementation of the program in real life and the evolution of the quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer patients after 3 months of supervised PA in real life and to determine the factors associated with changes in various QoL dimensions.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was carried out in female patients with breast cancer diagnosed within a maximum of 3 yr. QoL and physical exertion intensity during the supervised physical activity (PA) sessions were assessed by the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer and Borg scale, respectively. Statistical analyses comparing QoL scores between the start and the end of supervised PA program were assessed using paired Student's t-tests. Multivariate analysis was performed by linear regression with only variables with a P value ResultsA total of 93 patients were included in the analyses. There was a significant improvement of social functioning at T3 ( increment = 11.5; P < 0.001). The improvement of social functioning was significantly and independently associated with the Borg improvement (beta = 2.66 +/- 1.31, P = 0.046), chemotherapy (beta = 11.03 +/- 5.45, P = 0.046), hormone therapy (beta = -13.91 +/- 5.51, P = 0.013), social isolation (beta = -14.81 +/- 6.55, P = 0.026), and comorbidities (beta = -15.32 +/- 5.59, P = 0.007).ConclusionsWe observed a real enthusiasm and need among patients for practicing PA supervised by a sport trainer near their home. The increase in the intensity of exercise over time contributes to the improvement of the QoL, especially on the social functioning. These results, consistent with previous literature, reinforce the importance of exercise intensity on many dimensions of QoL. In addition, patients expressed great satisfaction with the supervised program, resulting in a strong desire to maintain long-term PA

L'humain et ses prothèses

Réparé, régénéré, augmenté, notre corps intègre chaque jour des prothèses nouvelles, toujours plus performantes. La symbiose humain-technologie s’accélère dans une vie quotidienne où la technique s’immisce partout et à chaque instant. Cette technologisation généralisée s’accompagne d’une volonté affichée de transformer l’homme, une dynamique puissante, surtout connue à travers le mouvement transhumaniste. À travers la problématique du corps réparé et/ou augmenté par une prothèse, cet ouvrage interroge ce phénomène contemporain en examinant tant les présupposés idéologiques, les savoirs que les pratiques actuels. La psychanalyse, comme clinique et théorie du sujet inconscient ainsi que de ses incidences sur le collectif, sert ici de « boussole » pour appréhender la dialectique concrète entre le corps pulsionnel et ses modes de subjectivation d’une part, le corps organique « réparé/ augmenté » d’autre part. Dans une confrontation active et ouverte, les chercheurs de disciplines diverses prennent en compte chacune des dimensions impliquées dans ce phénomène clé de la condition contemporaine. L’apport des discours et des pratiques permettra au lecteur de former un jugement sur ce phénomène complexe qui noue innovation et aliénation, scientificité et illusion

Texte/image — Nouveaux problèmes

Ce volume collectif voudrait témoigner de la variété des questionnements et des approches que suscitent aujourd’hui les études engagées sur le terrain de la confrontation raisonnée des pratiques littéraires (tous genres confondus) et des artefacts artistiques visuels (des réalisations plastiques, figuratives ou non, aux images écrites). Il se propose de rendre compte de la vivacité d’une réflexion qui déplace les frontières notionnelles, redéfinit ses objets et décloisonne ses champs d’investigation et d’application. Le titre « Texte/Image : nouveaux problèmes » avoue cette intention, en même temps qu’il atteste, explicitement, le refus de tout parti pris théorique exclusif. Au dialogue du texte et de l’image correspond ainsi le dialogue ouvert ou le débat contradictoire des chercheurs qui ont participé au colloque de Cerisy-la-Salle et dont les communications recueillies dans le présent volume résument ou développent les propositions

Sex and the Risk of Atheromatous and Non-Atheromatous Cardiovascular Disease in CKD: Findings From the CKD-REIN Cohort Study

International audienceRationale & ObjectiveSex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well-established, but whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) modifies these risk differences, and whether they differ between atheromatous (ACVD) and non-atheromatous (N-ACVD) CVD is unknown. Assessing this interaction was the principal goal of this study.Study DesignProspective cohort study.Setting & ParticipantsAdults enrolled in the CKD-Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (CKD-REIN) cohort from from 2013 to 2020, a nationally representative sample of 40 nephrology clinics in France.ExposureSex.OutcomesFatal and non-fatal composite ACVD events (ischaemic coronary, cerebral, and peripheral artery disease) and composite N-ACVD events (heart failure, haemorrhagic stroke, and arrhythmias).Analytical ApproachMultivariable cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models.Results1,044 women and 1,976 men with moderate to severe CKD (median age, 67 vs. 69; mean estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], 32±12 vs. 33±12 mL/min/1.73m2) were studied. Over a median follow-up of 5.0 (interquartile range, 4.8;5.2) years, the ACVD rate (per 100 patient-years) was significantly lower in women than men: 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.6-2.5) vs 3.6 (3.2-4.0) (P<0.01), while the N-ACVD rate was not: 5.7 (5.0-6.5) vs 6.4 (5.8-7.0) (P=0.55). N-ACVD had a steeper relationship with eGFR than did ACVD. There was an interaction (P<0.01) between sex and baseline eGFR and the ACVD hazard: the adjusted hazard ratio for women compared to men was 0.42 (0.25;0.71) at 45 mL/min/1.73m2 and gradually attenuated at lower levels of eGFR, reaching 1.00 (0.62;1.63) at 16 mL/min/1.73m2. In contrast, the N-ACVD hazard did not differ between the sexes across the eGFR range studied.LimitationsCardiovascular biomarkers and sex hormones were not assessed.ConclusionThis study shows how the lower risk of ACVD among women compared to men attenuates fully with kidney disease progression. The equal risk of N-ACVD between sexes across CKD stages and its steeper association with eGFR suggest an important contribution of CKD to the development of this CVD type

Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

International audienceThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed

A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands

We discovered a highly virulent variant of subtype-B HIV-1 in the Netherlands. One hundred nine individuals with this variant had a 0.54 to 0.74 log10 increase (i.e., a ~3.5-fold to 5.5-fold increase) in viral load compared with, and exhibited CD4 cell decline twice as fast as, 6604 individuals with other subtype-B strains. Without treatment, advanced HIV-CD4 cell counts below 350 cells per cubic millimeter, with long-term clinical consequences-is expected to be reached, on average, 9 months after diagnosis for individuals in their thirties with this variant. Age, sex, suspected mode of transmission, and place of birth for the aforementioned 109 individuals were typical for HIV-positive people in the Netherlands, which suggests that the increased virulence is attributable to the viral strain. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence