253 research outputs found

    Christine Reynier, Virginia Woolf's ethics of the short story (2009)

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    Before the publication of Ralf Freedman’s Virginia Woolf: Revaluation and Continuity (1980), Dean Baldwin’s Virginia Woolf: A Study of the Short fiction (1989) and Dominic Head’s chapter on Woolf in The Modernist Short Story: A Study in Theory and Practice (1992), Virginia Woolf’s short stories were considered by critics to be the marginal part of her canon. Woolf was better known as a novelist, and many critics tended to adopt her own “casually dismissive attitude” (Reynier 2) when referring..

    “That fiction is a lady”: Gendering Fiction in Virginia Woolf’s Essays

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    Une laiterie administrative Ă  Tahiti

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    Études de genre et critique fĂ©ministe dans le monde anglophone : histoire et parcours croisĂ©s

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    What “it” is about: The implicit in Virginia Woolf’s short fictions

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    Dans les nouvelles de Virginia Woolf, l’utilisation presque obsĂ©dante du pronom « it » ouvre, dans la surface trompeusement lisse et factuelle du texte, une brĂšche donnant accĂšs Ă  l’espace plus insondable de l’implicite :‘What was the truth of it, John?’ asked Charles suddenly, turning and facing him. ‘What made you give it up like that all in a second?’‘But I’ve not given it up,’ John replied. (“Solid Objects”)‘Here we left it,’ she said. And he added,’ ‘Oh, but here too!’ ‘It’s upstairs,’ she murmured, ‘And in the garden,’ he whispered. ‘Quietly,’ they said, ‘or we shall wake them.’ (“A Haunted House”)Desiring truth, awaiting it, laboriously distilling a few words, for ever desiring — (“Monday or Tuesday”)But was it ‘happiness’? No. The big word did not seem to fit it, did not seem to refer to this state of being curled in rosy flakes around a bright light. (“Happiness”)Ce que « it » signifie dans les nouvelles de Virginia Woolf semble d’abord correspondre Ă  l’objet d’une quĂȘte acharnĂ©e : celle que mĂšnent, au-delĂ  des apparences, des faits et des mots, personnages et narrateurs. Mais au fur et Ă  mesure que se dĂ©robent la rĂ©fĂ©rence et le signifiĂ© du pronom dans les labyrinthes de la mĂ©taphore apparaĂźt l’impossibilitĂ© de la quĂȘte en mĂȘme temps que son illusoire intĂ©rĂȘt hermĂ©neutique.J’aimerais tenter d’analyser ici la maniĂšre dont un certain nombre d’outils critiques (ceux proposĂ©s, entre autres, par la linguistique, la rhĂ©torique et la pragmatique) nous aident Ă  mieux cerner la poĂ©tique Woolfienne de l’implicite. Je formulerai ainsi l’hypothĂšse que ce que « it » dĂ©signe est moins l’infinie rĂ©serve du sens littĂ©raire que l’incontrĂŽlable dimension implicite des langues naturelles et de toute forme de communication

    Speech-acts, represented thoughts and human intercourse in “The Introduction” and “Together and Apart”

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    Dans Mrs Dalloway’s Party, cycle de nouvelles que Woolf rĂ©digea aux alentours de 1925 et que Stella McNichol publia pour la premiĂšre fois sous cette forme en 1973, Woolf Ă©tudie ce qu'elle appelle “l'Ă©tat de conscience-rĂ©ception, l'Ă©tat de conscience-robes”. Dans la plupart des nouvelles de ce cycle (“The New Dress”, “Happiness”, “Ancestors”, “The Introduction”, “Together and Apart”, “The Man Who Loved His Kind”, “A Simple Melody” et “A Summing Up”), “la rĂ©ception” peut se lire comme une mĂ©taphore de la scĂšne sociale oĂč se jouent certains rĂŽles et jeux linguistiques. Cette  rĂ©ception permet Ă  Woolf d'examiner les Ă©noncĂ©s dans leur contexte social, de poser des questions relatives aux hommes et aux femmes ainsi qu'Ă  leur reprĂ©sentation et d'analyser le discours comme site d'ambiguĂŻtĂ© et de conflits.Convoquant les outils de la pragmatique et de la narratologie fĂ©ministe, cet article analyse ces sites discursifs d'ambiguĂŻtĂ© et de conflits dans “The Introduction” et “Together and Apart” oĂč le motif de la “prĂ©sentation” suggĂšre une nĂ©gociation avec ce que la culture impose, avec l'autre et avec le langage, et oĂč les modes conflictuels de la focalisation interne—essentiellement du discours indirect libre—et du dialogue prĂ©sentent la communication comme une pratique oĂč se fondent tout Ă  la fois le sujet, la reconnaissance intersubjective et les stratĂ©gies d'interprĂ©tation

    What “it” is about: The implicit in Virginia Woolf’s short fictions

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    Dans les nouvelles de Virginia Woolf, l’utilisation presque obsĂ©dante du pronom « it » ouvre, dans la surface trompeusement lisse et factuelle du texte, une brĂšche donnant accĂšs Ă  l’espace plus insondable de l’implicite :‘What was the truth of it, John?’ asked Charles suddenly, turning and facing him. ‘What made you give it up like that all in a second?’‘But I’ve not given it up,’ John replied. (“Solid Objects”)‘Here we left it,’ she said. And he added,’ ‘Oh, but here too!’ ‘It’s upstairs,’ she murmured, ‘And in the garden,’ he whispered. ‘Quietly,’ they said, ‘or we shall wake them.’ (“A Haunted House”)Desiring truth, awaiting it, laboriously distilling a few words, for ever desiring — (“Monday or Tuesday”)But was it ‘happiness’? No. The big word did not seem to fit it, did not seem to refer to this state of being curled in rosy flakes around a bright light. (“Happiness”)Ce que « it » signifie dans les nouvelles de Virginia Woolf semble d’abord correspondre Ă  l’objet d’une quĂȘte acharnĂ©e : celle que mĂšnent, au-delĂ  des apparences, des faits et des mots, personnages et narrateurs. Mais au fur et Ă  mesure que se dĂ©robent la rĂ©fĂ©rence et le signifiĂ© du pronom dans les labyrinthes de la mĂ©taphore apparaĂźt l’impossibilitĂ© de la quĂȘte en mĂȘme temps que son illusoire intĂ©rĂȘt hermĂ©neutique.J’aimerais tenter d’analyser ici la maniĂšre dont un certain nombre d’outils critiques (ceux proposĂ©s, entre autres, par la linguistique, la rhĂ©torique et la pragmatique) nous aident Ă  mieux cerner la poĂ©tique Woolfienne de l’implicite. Je formulerai ainsi l’hypothĂšse que ce que « it » dĂ©signe est moins l’infinie rĂ©serve du sens littĂ©raire que l’incontrĂŽlable dimension implicite des langues naturelles et de toute forme de communication

    MÚres et fils dans le théùtre de la Renaissance anglaise

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    Seeking dialogues between mothers and sons as moving and dramatically efficient as the French “Quatre RequĂȘtes de Notre-Dame” results in finding no significant verbal exchanges in English biblical drama, moralities, interludes, and even early tragedies. Mothers are generally reduced to deplorations of sons’ deaths. Shakespeare brilliantly puts an end to this scarcity of dialogues between mothers and sons with plays like Richard III, Coriolanus, and, above all, Hamlet, which this short study eludes. Instead, it focuses on the “‘bard’s” few predecessors and immediate successors, to find continuity, changes, borrowings and new trends concerning reproachful mothers and sons. Among the followers of Noah's sons dealing with their recalcitrant mother, we meet, in Nicholas Udall’s comic interlude Thersites, a son who first teases his mother, then seeks her protection, and ends with reproaches. Shakespeare's immediate successors, Middleton in The Revenger’s Tragedy and Webster in The White Devil, both dramatize relationships between mothers and sons, in several long scenes which we explore, because, unlike Shakespeare’s, they have received little attention

    The dramaturgy of voice in five modernist short fictions: Katherine Mansfield’s “The Canary”, “The Lady’s Maid” and “Late at Night”, Elizabeth Bowen’s “Oh! Madam
” and Virginia Woolf’s “The Evening Party”

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    Cet article propose d’explorer la mise en place d’une dramaturgie de la voix dans cinq nouvelles d’auteures modernistes et de montrer comment l’utilisation presque exclusive du mode discursif de la conversation s’accompagne d’une exposition thĂ©Ăątrale du langage et d’une poĂ©tique de l’affect qui font Ă©cho Ă  l’analyse de Michael Stephens dans The Dramaturgy of Style: “By making fiction voice-centered, the stress goes away from the representational toward the presentational. It becomes gestual, human voice-activated, and the body is the soul because what you see is what you get.” Il s’agira d’abord de s’interroger sur la façon dont cette dramaturgie de la voix renvoie au statut gĂ©nĂ©rique de ces cinq nouvelles, et plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement de la fiction brĂšve moderniste. La question du lien possible, mais problĂ©matique, entre la notion de “genre” littĂ©raire et celle de “gender” sera ensuite examinĂ©e dans le but de mettre en regard le drame de la voix et le drame du moi moderniste au fĂ©minin. La dimension orale, dramatique, pathĂ©tique ou ironique de la voix dans ces nouvelles nous conduira enfin Ă  tenter de rĂ©pondre Ă  la question du locuteur fĂ©minin dans “The Canary” : “What is it — that I heard?

    Technical, economic and environmental evaluation of advanced tertiary treatments for micropollutants removal (oxidation and adsorption)

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    International audienceTwo pilots for tertiary treatment, an advanced oxidation processes (AOP - O3/UV/H2O2) pilot and a granular activated carbon pilot, were tested in three different wastewater treatment plants after a secondary treatment. A total of 64 micropollutants including drugs, pesticides, alkylphenols, PAHs and metals were analysed in the samples at the inlet and the outlet of the pilots. The tertiary treatments studied (ozone, AOP and activated carbon) were efficient for the removal of most of the compounds analysed in this study, except metals. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to ozone increased the number of substances well removed but it did not improve the removal of substances that readily react with ozone (such as betablockers or carbamazepine). The other AOP (ozone/H2O2 and UV/H2O2) did not improve the number of substances well removed in comparison with ozone alone. The granular activated carbon was still efficient (R>70%) after 6 months working 24/7 for most of the drugs and the urea and triazine pesticides. The 5 technologies studied were sized at full scale in order to calculate their cost for two sizes of WWTP. The implementation of a tertiary treatment on a 60 000 to 200 000 PE WWTP would increase the wastewater treatment cost by 1,5 to 17,6 euros cents per cubic meter treated according to the technology and the removal objective. Concerning the environmental impact, for the big WWTP, the activated carbon is more impacting than the other processes for most of the impacts calculated. The order of POA by increasing environmental impact is ozone < ozone/H2O2 < ozone/UV ~ UV/H2O2. For the medium size WWTP however, the activated carbon is comparable to the other solutions regarding environmental impact
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