Manual attitude control systems, volume II - Display format considerations

Flight simulation studies and manual attitude control maneuvers for display formats of spacecraft attitude dat

Effects of Age and Expertise on Pilot Performance: Support for Performance Based Retirement Criteria

At any given chronological age, an individual may appear to be older or younger in various areas or aspects of aging. Ambiguity of age as a reliable indicator of gerontological changes has led to the derivation of the concept of functional age, which accommodates the fact that persons age at different rates along different dimensions (Gerathewohl, 1977; Gerathewohl, 1978a). Four groups of participants were required to conduct this study ; young pilots, young non-pilots, elderly pilots, and elderly non-pilots. Our research found a great deal of variability within all four groups. Although differences due to age clearly exist, the results of this research indicate that experience does matter with regard to pilot performance. Experience as a pilot appears to mediate performance and offset some of the deleterious detriments that occur as a result of aging

Creative destruction in science

Drawing on the concept of a gale of creative destruction in a capitalistic economy, we argue that initiatives to assess the robustness of findings in the organizational literature should aim to simultaneously test competing ideas operating in the same theoretical space. In other words, replication efforts should seek not just to support or question the original findings, but also to replace them with revised, stronger theories with greater explanatory power. Achieving this will typically require adding new measures, conditions, and subject populations to research designs, in order to carry out conceptual tests of multiple theories in addition to directly replicating the original findings. To illustrate the value of the creative destruction approach for theory pruning in organizational scholarship, we describe recent replication initiatives re-examining culture and work morality, working parents’ reasoning about day care options, and gender discrimination in hiring decisions. Significance statement: It is becoming increasingly clear that many, if not most, published research findings across scientific fields are not readily replicable when the same method is repeated. Although extremely valuable, failed replications risk leaving a theoretical void— reducing confidence the original theoretical prediction is true, but not replacing it with positive evidence in favor of an alternative theory. We introduce the creative destruction approach to replication, which combines theory pruning methods from the field of management with emerging best practices from the open science movement, with the aim of making replications as generative as possible. In effect, we advocate for a Replication 2.0 movement in which the goal shifts from checking on the reliability of past findings to actively engaging in competitive theory testing and theory building. Scientific transparency statement: The materials, code, and data for this article are posted publicly on the Open Science Framework, with links provided in the article