Structure from motion photogrammetry in forestry : a review

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe adoption of Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM) is transforming the acquisition of three-dimensional (3D) remote sensing (RS) data in forestry. SfM photogrammetry enables surveys with little cost and technical expertise. We present the theoretical principles and practical considerations of this technology and show opportunities that SfM photogrammetry offers for forest practitioners and researchers.Recent FindingsOur examples of key research indicate the successful application of SfM photogrammetry in forestry, in an operational context and in research, delivering results that are comparable to LiDAR surveys. Reviewed studies have identified possibilities for the extraction of biophysical forest parameters from airborne and terrestrial SfM point clouds and derived 2D data in area-based approaches (ABA) and individual tree approaches. Additionally, increases in the spatial and spectral resolution of sensors available for SfM photogrammetry enable forest health assessment and monitoring. The presented research reveals that coherent 3D data and spectral information, as provided by the SfM workflow, promote opportunities to derive both structural and physiological attributes at the individual tree crown (ITC) as well as stand levels.SummaryWe highlight the potential of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and consumer-grade cameras for terrestrial SfM-based surveys in forestry. Offering several spatial products from a single sensor, the SfM workflow enables foresters to collect their own fit-for-purpose RS data. With the broad availability of non-expert SfM software, we provide important practical considerations for the collection of quality input image data to enable successful photogrammetric surveys

Anterior dental alignment and smile: perception and sensations in a sample of 8- to 10-year-old children and their parents.

To describe the perception and sensations that dental alignment and smile determine in a sample of 180 children aged between 8 and 10 years, to assess whether there is a general trend in the classification of smiles, and to understand the influence of background attractiveness and sexual traits on the judgment of smile in the sample of children and 150 parents. METHODS: We employed visual media showing a smile in four different arrangements (ideal incisal occlusion [N], median diastema [D], incisal crowding [A], and protruding incisors [P), in both a dynamic and static way, with and without background attractiveness. RESULTS: Trends were found among responses to the four classes of videos and photographs: The boy's smile gained a higher score than the girl's smile. In both the boy and girl presentations, there was an important preference to the following sequence of smiles: N, D, A, and P. Furthermore, the girl photographs showed no relevant difference between A and D. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there are no different perceptions and sensations due to the variation of dental alignment. There is a general trend in the classification of smiles according to dental alignment. Background attractiveness and sexual traits influenced the judgment of smile

Dynamic evaluation of anterior dental alignment in a sample of 8- to 11-year-old children.

To describe perceptions related to different anterior dental alignments in a sample of 106 children aged between 8- and 11-years-old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We employed dynamic media (videos) showing a smile in four different arrangements (ideal incisal occlusion - N, median diastema - D, incisal crowding - A, protruding incisors - P), with and without general contextual attractiveness. RESULTS: The perception is the same both for the whole face and for the frontal smile alone and there are no significant differences between the answers from male and female interviews. Smiles with normal alignment gain higher scores for esthetics and are associated with more positive qualities. In contrast, smiles with proclined and crowded teeth obtain lower scores. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the results showed that there are no significant differences between perceptions, sensations and judgments related to smiles presented either as part of the whole face or in only the lower facial third: general facial attractiveness does not influence evaluations of the smile. The study confirms the general tendency to award higher scores to smiles with normal alignment. Copyright © 2012 CEO. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Avaliação do módulo elástico de cerâmicas magnetoelétricas de 0,6BiFeO3-0,4PbTiO3 dopadas com La

Resumo Nos últimos anos as soluções sólidas multiferróicas magnetoelétricas BiFeO3-PbTiO3 têm despertado a atenção de teóricos e experimentalistas devido às suas potencialidades para aplicações práticas. Neste trabalho, amostras cerâmicas de 0,6BiFeO3-0,4PbTiO3 dopadas com 3, 5 e 10% em massa de La2O3 foram processadas por moagem em altas e baixas energias e sinterização ao ar, nas temperaturas de 1015, 1065 e 1115 °C por 1 h. Seus módulos elásticos foram determinados por meio da técnica de excitação por impulso, que revelou um módulo elástico de 74 GPa para a amostra dopada com 3% de La2O3 e sinterizada a 1115 °C. Para todas as amostras foi observado o aumento do módulo elástico com o aumento da temperatura de sinterização, com consequente dimuição dessa propriedade com o aumento da concentração de lantânio

Contaminazione da micotossine in alimenti di produzione biologica.

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Vegan nutrition for mothers and children: Practical tools for healthcare providers

As the number of subjects choosing vegan diets increases, healthcare providers must be prepared to give the best advice to vegan patients during all stages of life. A completely plant-based diet is suitable during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood, provided that it is well-planned. Balanced vegan diets meet energy requirements on a wide variety of plant foods and pay attention to some nutrients that may be critical, such as protein, fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, iodine, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12. This paper contains recommendations made by a panel of experts from the Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition (SSNV) after examining the available literature concerning vegan diets during pregnancy, breastfeeding, infancy, and childhood. All healthcare professionals should follow an approach based on the available evidence in regard to the issue of vegan diets, as failing to do so may compromise the nutritional status of vegan patients in these delicate periods of life