Anticoncepción en mujeres usuarias del servicio de atención primaria de la salud

El tema de investigación que abordamos en la presente tesina es las formas y condiciones en que las mujeres utilizan los métodos anticonceptivos en Mendoza a partir de la existencia de leyes y programas que atienden la salud reproductiva. El trabajo se ha enfocado en mujeres en edad reproductiva de un barrio urbano marginal de la Ciudad de Mendoza. Desde el advenimiento de la democracia, en Argentina (diciembre de 1983), la participación, organización y movilización de mujeres y grupos de diversidad sexual en defensa de sus derechos, produjo la visibilidad de las problemáticas de género y salud sexual y reproductiva. Este proceso daría lugar a la promoción de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, entendidos éstos como parte de los derechos humanos en torno a los cuales el Estado debía legislar y garantizar. Hasta ese momento, lo que había existido eran políticas de planificación familiar o de regulación de la fecundidad tratados en el contexto de las necesidades de la economía o de la dinámica demográfica, con severos controles y restricciones respecto al acceso a los métodos anticonceptivos. Dos conferencias de Naciones Unidas van a funcionar como bisagras en el pasaje de la consideración de las mujeres como variables de políticas de población a sujetas de derecho en material de salud sexual y reproductiva: la Conferencia Internacional sobre la Población y el Desarrollo realizada en El Cairo en 1994 y la IV Conferencia Mundial de la Mujer, en Beijing en 1995. Al incorporar una perspectiva de género al abordaje de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos como derechos humanos, se puso en el centro de debate a la libre decisión de las mujeres sobre nuestra sexualidad y nuestros cuerpos. Después de décadas de prohibicionismo e indiferencia de los poderes públicos, desde 2002, el Estado argentino comenzó a instrumentar una política pública de alcance nacional sobre la salud reproductiva y procreación responsable y es así que el Programa Nacional de Salud Sexual y Procreación Responsable (PNSSyPR) entra en vigencia en mayo de 2003. Este programa nacional vino a reforzar el Programa Provincial de Salud Reproductiva que desde 1998 funciona en la provincia de Mendoza.Fil: Bertuzzi, Romina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales

Scuola sul territorio: la testa nelle nuvole e i piedi ben piantati per terra

L’Istituto Comprensivo di Cadeo e Pontenure, in provincia di Piacenza, porta avanti un’idea di scuola quale comunità inclusiva che costruisce, in accordo e in stretta collaborazione con le agenzie del territorio, progetti di sperimentazione didattica attraverso una riorganizzazione degli spazi e dei tempi di apprendimento e sfruttando le potenzialità offerte dalle nuove tecnologie (LIM, ipad). Ambienti rinnovati, spazi aperti, tempo scuola lungo, nuove metodologie didattiche: il tutto per dare ad ogni singolo alunno la possibilità di imparare in modo personale e soggettivo, proponendo a tal fine momenti di cooperazione e di individualizzazione, di attività laboratoriali e di tutoraggio. Una Scuola2.0 per affrontare in modo diverso e nuovo l’arte di insegnare, con l’attenzione sempre puntata sul soggetto in apprendimento che si muove in una realtà sociale in mutamento costante

Plasma ochratoxin A levels, food consumption and risk biomarkers of a representative sample of men and women from the Molise region in Italy

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin present in food that can be found in human blood, due to its long half-life. Plasma OTA detection represents a good parameter for evaluating the exposure at the population level. The relation between plasma OTA levels, dietary habits, and specific disease risk biomarkers (body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cardiovascular risk score) was investigated. The study involved 327 subjects (150 men and 177 women) aged between 38 and 48 years. Food consumption was evaluated by means of the EPIC questionnaire; plasma OTA was measured by HPLC; CRP was determined in fresh serum samples by a latex particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. OTA was detected in 99.1% of plasma samples (LOD 25 ng/L); the mean +/- A SD value was 0.229 +/- A 0.238 ng/mL. However, only 5.2% of samples exceeded 500 ng/L, considered the threshold for a possible pathogenic activity. The estimated mean daily dietary intake of OTA resulted 0.452 +/- A 0.468 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day, markedly lower than the tolerable daily intake set by EFSA (17.1 ng/kg bw/day). Processed and mutton/lamb meat were found to contribute most to plasma OTA variance. Nevertheless, cereals, wine, beer, and jam/honey consumption correlated positively with OTA levels. Plasma OTA showed a significant positive association with CRP and cardiovascular risk score (beta = 0.20 +/- A 0.08; P = 0.015 and beta = 0.25 +/- A 0.08; P = 0.001, respectively); however, the association was present in men but not in women. Even if the hypothesis of a possible hepatic toxicity of OTA in humans is yet to be verified, the positive association between plasma OTA and CRP may indicate a possible role of OTA in inflammation status and consequently in the genesis of cardiovascular diseases and cancer

Effect of a Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin on Mortality in Patients With Sepsis-Associated Coagulopathy The SCARLET Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance: Previous research suggested that soluble human recombinant thrombomodulin may reduce mortality among patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy. Objective: To determine the effect of human recombinant thrombomodulin vs placebo on 28-day all-cause mortality among patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy. Design, Setting, and Participants: The SCARLET trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational, multicenter phase 3 study conducted in intensive care units at 159 sites in 26 countries. All adult patients admitted to one of the participating intensive care units between October 2012 and March 2018 with sepsis-associated coagulopathy and concomitant cardiovascular and/or respiratory failure, defined as an international normalized ratio greater than 1.40 without other known etiology and a platelet count in the range of 30 to 150 × 10 9/L or a greater than 30% decrease in platelet count within 24 hours, were considered for inclusion. The final date of follow-up was February 28, 2019. Interventions: Patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy were randomized and treated with an intravenous bolus or a 15-minute infusion of thrombomodulin (0.06 mg/kg/d [maximum, 6 mg/d]; n = 395) or matching placebo (n = 405) once daily for 6 days. Main Outcome and Measures: The primary end point was 28-day all-cause mortality. Results: Among 816 randomized patients, 800 (mean age, 60.7 years; 437 [54.6%] men) completed the study and were included in the full analysis set. In these patients, the 28-day all-cause mortality rate was not statistically significantly different between the thrombomodulin group and the placebo group (106 of 395 patients [26.8%] vs 119 of 405 patients [29.4%], respectively; P =.32). The absolute risk difference was 2.55% (95% CI, -3.68% to 8.77%). The incidence of serious major bleeding adverse events (defined as any intracranial hemorrhage; life-threatening bleeding; or bleeding event classified as serious by the investigator, with administration of at least 1440 mL [typically 6 units] of packed red blood cells over 2 consecutive days) was 23 of 396 patients (5.8%) in the thrombomodulin group and 16 of 404 (4.0%) in the placebo group. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy, administration of a human recombinant thrombomodulin, compared with placebo, did not significantly reduce 28-day all-cause mortality. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01598831

Effect of a Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin on Mortality in Patients With Sepsis-Associated Coagulopathy The SCARLET Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance: Previous research suggested that soluble human recombinant thrombomodulin may reduce mortality among patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy. Objective: To determine the effect of human recombinant thrombomodulin vs placebo on 28-day all-cause mortality among patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy. Design, Setting, and Participants: The SCARLET trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational, multicenter phase 3 study conducted in intensive care units at 159 sites in 26 countries. All adult patients admitted to one of the participating intensive care units between October 2012 and March 2018 with sepsis-associated coagulopathy and concomitant cardiovascular and/or respiratory failure, defined as an international normalized ratio greater than 1.40 without other known etiology and a platelet count in the range of 30 to 150 × 10 9/L or a greater than 30% decrease in platelet count within 24 hours, were considered for inclusion. The final date of follow-up was February 28, 2019. Interventions: Patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy were randomized and treated with an intravenous bolus or a 15-minute infusion of thrombomodulin (0.06 mg/kg/d [maximum, 6 mg/d]; n = 395) or matching placebo (n = 405) once daily for 6 days. Main Outcome and Measures: The primary end point was 28-day all-cause mortality. Results: Among 816 randomized patients, 800 (mean age, 60.7 years; 437 [54.6%] men) completed the study and were included in the full analysis set. In these patients, the 28-day all-cause mortality rate was not statistically significantly different between the thrombomodulin group and the placebo group (106 of 395 patients [26.8%] vs 119 of 405 patients [29.4%], respectively; P =.32). The absolute risk difference was 2.55% (95% CI, -3.68% to 8.77%). The incidence of serious major bleeding adverse events (defined as any intracranial hemorrhage; life-threatening bleeding; or bleeding event classified as serious by the investigator, with administration of at least 1440 mL [typically 6 units] of packed red blood cells over 2 consecutive days) was 23 of 396 patients (5.8%) in the thrombomodulin group and 16 of 404 (4.0%) in the placebo group. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy, administration of a human recombinant thrombomodulin, compared with placebo, did not significantly reduce 28-day all-cause mortality. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01598831