3,131 research outputs found
My grade, my right: linking academic entitlement to academic performance
The identifcation of determinants and correlates of academic entitlement is of particular interest for researchers and (academic) tutors alike. Whilst personality traits have been linked to academic entitlement in the past, the relative importance of familial influence remains unclear. Hence, to address this deficit, this study utilizes a sample of business and psychology undergraduates (N=170) in the United Arab Emirates. Additionally, the impact of academic entitlement on studentsâ misestimation of coursework grades was assessed in a subsample of psychology undergraduates (N=92). Multiple regression analyses revealed honestyâhumility as the strongest predictor of academic entitlement, indicating lower entitlement of more honest students. In contrast, familial influences were unrelated to academic entitlement. Interestingly, higher entitled expectations were associated with larger overestimation of grades. Our findings indicate honestyâhumility as an important driver of academic entitlement, whilst entitled expectations appear to be associated with misperceptions of students' own academic performance
Helping a crocodile to learn German plurals: Childrenâs online judgment of actual, potential and illegal plural forms
A substantial tradition of linguistic inquiry has framed the knowledge of native speakers in terms of their ability to determine the grammatical acceptability of language forms that they encounter for the first time. In the domain of morphology, the productivity framework of Dressler (CLASNET Working papers 7, 1997) has emphasized the importance of this ability in terms of the graded potentiality of non-existing multimorphemic forms. The goal of this study was to investigate what role the notion of potentiality plays in online lexical well-formedness judgment among children who are native speakers of Austrian German. A total of 114 children between the ages of six and ten and a total of 40 adults between the ages of 18 and 30 (as a comparison group) participated in an online well-formedness judgment task which focused on pluralized German nouns. Concrete, picturable, high frequency German nouns were presented in three pluralized forms: (a) actual existing plural form, (b) morphologically illegal plural form, (c) potential (but not existing) plural form. Participants were shown pictures of the nouns (as a set of three identical items) and simultaneously heard one of three pluralized forms for each noun. Response latency and judgment type served as dependent variables. Results indicate that both children and adults are sensitive to the distinction between illegal and potential forms (neither of which they would have encountered). For all participants, plural frequency (rather than frequency of the singular form) affected responses for both existing and non-existing words. Other factors increasing acceptability were the presence of supplementary umlaut in addition to suffixation and homophony with existing words or word forms
Health-related quality of life aspects of the âPeriodontitis prevalence in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's diseaseâ (PPCC) cohort
Aim: To assess whether oral health problems affect disease-specific quality of life (QoL) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, and vice versa, whether IBD affects oral-health-related QoL. Materials and Methods: Individuals reporting IBD and matched controls were surveyed on general anamnestic information, oral-health-related questions and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-5. IBD patients were additionally surveyed on years since diagnosis, disease activity and severity as well as health-related QoL (Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, sIBDQ). OHIP-5 and sIBDQ were defined as primary outcome parameters, and several predictors and confounders were used in adjusted univariable and multivariable regression analyses. Results: Answers from 1108 IBD patients and 3429 controls were analysed. Compared with controls, IBD patients reported significantly more frequently an oral impact on daily life and worse oral-health-related QoL, with Crohn's disease (CD) patients being more severely affected than ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. The diagnosis of UC and CD, having <20 teeth, severe periodontitis and stressful daily-life experience were associated with a higher prevalence of poor oral-health-related QoL. Among IBD patients, an impaired IBD-specific, health-related QoL was significantly associated with the diagnosis of CD and depression, IBD activity and severity, having <20 teeth, presence of oral lesions and stressful daily-life experience, while a longer time since diagnosis was significantly associated with an improved IBD-specific, health-related QoL. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate, for the first time, that oral health problems are associated with an impairment of IBD-specific health-related QoL, and vice versa, IBD is associated with an impaired oral health-related QoL. This emphasizes the potential advantages of including dental professionals in the multi-disciplinary treatment teams of IBD patients
Radiative Muon Capture on Hydrogen and the Induced Pseudoscalar Coupling
The first measurement of the elementary process is reported. A photon pair spectrometer was used to measure
the partial branching ratio ( for photons of k >
60 MeV. The value of the weak pseudoscalar coupling constant determined from
the partial branching ratio is , where the first error is the quadrature sum of statistical
and systematic uncertainties and the second error is due to the uncertainty in
, the decay rate of the ortho to para molecule. This
value of g_p is 1.5 times the prediction of PCAC and pion-pole dominance.Comment: 13 pages, RevTeX type, 3 figures (encapsulated postscript), submitted
to Phys. Rev. Let
Increased Sensitivity to Possible Muonium to Antimuonium Conversion
A new experimental search for muonium-antimuonium conversion was conducted at
the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. The preliminary analysis
yielded one event fulfilling all required criteria at an expected background of
1.7(2) events due to accidental coincidences. An upper limit for the conversion
probability in 0.1 T magnetic field is extracted as (90%
CL).Comment: 2 figure
Minimal lepton flavor violating realizations of minimal seesaw models
We study the implications of the global U(1)R symmetry present in minimal
lepton flavor violating implementations of the seesaw mechanism for neutrino
masses. In the context of minimal type I seesaw scenarios with a slightly
broken U(1)R, we show that, depending on the R-charge assignments, two classes
of generic models can be identified. Models where the right-handed neutrino
masses and the lepton number breaking scale are decoupled, and models where the
parameters that slightly break the U(1)R induce a suppression in the light
neutrino mass matrix. We show that within the first class of models,
contributions of right-handed neutrinos to charged lepton flavor violating
processes are severely suppressed. Within the second class of models we study
the charged lepton flavor violating phenomenology in detail, focusing on mu to
e gamma, mu to 3e and mu to e conversion in nuclei. We show that sizable
contributions to these processes are naturally obtained for right-handed
neutrino masses at the TeV scale. We then discuss the interplay with the
effects of the right-handed neutrino interactions on primordial B - L
asymmetries, finding that sizable right-handed neutrino contributions to
charged lepton flavor violating processes are incompatible with the requirement
of generating (or even preserving preexisting) B - L asymmetries consistent
with the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures; version 2: Discussion on possible generic models
extended, typos corrected, references added. Version matches publication in
JHE
Muon to electron conversion in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity
Little Higgs models provide a natural explanation of the little hierarchy
between the electroweak scale and a few TeV scale, where new physics is
expected. Under the same inspiring naturalness arguments, this work completes a
previous study on lepton flavor-changing processes in the Littlest Higgs model
with T-parity exploring the channel that will eventually turn out to be the
most sensitive, \mu-e conversion in nuclei. All one-loop contributions are
carefully taken into account, results for the most relevant nuclei are provided
and a discussion of the influence of the quark mixing is included. The results
for the Ti nucleus are in good agreement with earlier work by Blanke et al.,
where a degenerate mirror quark sector was assumed. The conclusion is that,
although this particular model reduces the tension with electroweak precision
tests, if the restrictions on the parameter space derived from lepton flavor
violation are taken seriously, the degree of fine tuning necessary to meet
these constraints also disfavors this model.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables; discussion improved, results
unchanged, one reference added, version to appear in JHE
PEN: a low energy test of lepton universality
Allowed charged meson decays are characterized by simple dynamics, few
available decay channels, mainly into leptons, and extremely well controlled
radiative and loop corrections. In that sense, pion decays represent a
veritable triumph of the standard model (SM) of elementary particles and
interactions. This relative theoretical simplicity makes charged pion decays a
sensitive means for testing the underlying symmetries and the universality of
weak fermion couplings, as well as for studying pion structure and chiral
dynamics. Even after considerable recent improvements, experimental precision
is lagging far behind that of the theoretical description for pion decays. We
review the current state of experimental study of the pion electronic decay
, or , where the
indicates inclusion and explicit treatment of radiative decay events. We
briefly review the limits on non-SM processes arising from the present level of
experimental precision in decays. Focusing on the PEN
experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland, we examine the
prospects for further improvement in the near term.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures; paper presented at the XIII International
Conference on Heavy Quarks and Leptons, 22-27 May 2016, Blacksburg, Virginia,
US
Leptoquarks and Neutrino Masses at the LHC
The properties of light leptoquarks predicted in the context of a simple
grand unified theory and their observability at the LHC are investigated. The
SU(5) symmetry of the theory implies that the leptoquark couplings to matter
are related to the neutrino mass matrix. We study the resulting connection
between neutrino masses and mixing parameters and the leptoquark decays, and
show that different light neutrino hierarchies imply distinctive leptoquark
decay signatures. We also discuss low-energy constraints implied by searches
for charged lepton flavour violation, studies of meson decays, and electroweak
precision data. We perform a detailed parton-level study of the leptoquark
signals and the Standard Model backgrounds at the LHC. With the clean final
states containing a di-lepton plus two jets, the QCD production of the
leptoquark pair can be observed for a leptoquark mass of one TeV and beyond. By
examining the lepton flavor structure of the observed events, one could further
test the model predictions related to the neutrino mass spectrum. In
particular, b-flavor tagging will be useful in distinguishing the neutrino mass
pattern and possibly probing an unknown Majorana phase in the Inverted
Hierarchy or the Quasi-Degenerate scenario. Electroweak associated production
of the leptoquark doublet can also be useful in identifying the quantum numbers
of the leptoquarks and distinguishing between the neutrino mass spectra, even
though the corresponding event rates are smaller than for QCD production. We
find that with only the clean channel of mu+ E_T jets, one could expect an
observable signal for a leptoquark masses of about 600 GeV or higher.Comment: 46 pages, 52 figure
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